Index Ablation surgery , 152 . See also Psycho - Behavioral scientists, social preconcep- surgery tions of , 113. See also Psychometrics; Abstinence syndrome , 121 Science Abuse liability , 120 - 121 , 122 . See also Behavior control Drug abuse brain surgery as, 156 Adam 's fall , 15 - 16 , 17 - 18 of children, 131 Addicts and concepts of deviance, 174 opiate , 120 and concepts of meaning and power, heroin , 122 119 Alcmaeon , 143 confinement as, 189 Alcohol definitions as instruments of, 138 deaths associated with , 123 eugenicsas , 41 (seealso Eugenics) dependence on , 114 , 121 - 122 and individual deviance, 127 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU ), by industrialists, 90 National Prison Project of , 202 - 203 institutionalized , 187 (seealso Prison American Psychiatric Association , Diqg - system) nostic and Statistical Manual of Men - measurementas justification of , 34 tal Disorders of . 128 methadone maintenance as, 128 American Psychological Association , 71 , naming as instrument of, 61- 62 72 nature of , 2, 9 Amniocentesis , 178 and persistenceof myths, 28 Am phetam ines power of , 20, 81 effects on learning , 131 in prisons, 187- 188, 196 for hyperkinetic syndrome , 130 and social problems, 116 Amygdala , 162 task of , 56 Amygdalectomies , 163 technology of, 10, 56 (seealso Mental Anectine treatment program , 206 testing movement) Aneuploidy , 177 Behavior modification , definitions for , Anti - Semitism , 72 190 A.rchives of Racial and Social Biology , Beliefs, and scientific method, 21. See 100 also Science Aristotle , 16 , 22 , 26 - 27 Bellarmine, Robert, 14, 15, 17 Arousal reaction , 114 Berscheid, Ellen, 183 Aryan supremacy , myths of , 9 Beyond Freedom and Dignity, 190 Asklepieion , 204 - 205 , 223 Bias Astronomy in human divers:ty measurements, 64 and biblical texts , 13 of mental testers, 36 Copernican view of , 12 Bias, social Attica massacre , 195 and physical appearances, 184 Attractiveness , physical , 183 - 184 and violence, 139 Augustine , Saint , 17 - 18 Binding, Karl, 97, 98, 10C Auschwitz concentration camp , 103 , Binet, Alfred , 36- 38, 50 104 Biological inferiority , doctrines of, 146, Automated battlefield , 196 149. Seealso Inferiority , social Aversion therapy , 205 Biology, as antecedent of socia! prob- lems, 105 " Bad blood " 64 , Bismarck, Otto von, 79 " Bad seed , " 42 , 179 , 180 , 186 Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Bayer pharmaceutical company , 120 Homogeneity (BITCH), 54 Beauty as Exhibited in Ancient Paintings Black people, " scientific " descriptions and Engravings , 34 of, 149- 150. See also Negroes, medi- Behavior cal misconceptions about; Race and brain , 136 , 143 , 149 Book of Genesis, 14, 15 brain surgery for modification of , 153 - " Boring's dictum ," 51 154 , 163 Boston City Hospital, 169 political , 3 (see also Politics ) Boston Hospital for Women, 176 228 Index Boston Lying - In Hospital , 186 Children Brain behavior control of , 128 , 131 and behavior , 143 killing of , 102 localization of function in , 144 , 148 - psychosurgery for , 173 149 psychotechnical management of , 132 phrenological measurement of , 147 stigmata on , 129 (see also Phrenology ) Christianity stimulation , 159 Adam ' s fall in , 15 - 16 and tolerance development , 114 and power of original sin , 18 Brain dysfunction Chromosomes , and crime , 179 , 180 and behavior , 137 Chromosome test , 176 deviance as , 148 Church and violence , 136 , 141 Inquisition of , 20 Brain size power to punish of , 19 as justification of eth nocentrism , 87 Civic organizations , 39 as measurement , 142 Civil rights movement , 47 Brain surgery . See also Psychosurgery Clarke , R . H ., 158 as behavior control , 156 Class , social , 22 effects of behavior , 163 and biological determinism , 92 , 93 leucotomy , 153 - 154 and definitions of drug abuse , 125 lobotomies , 154 , 155 , 157 justification of , 30 side effects associated with , 166 and phrenology , 146 stereotaxic , 158 - 159 , 161 , 165 and violence , 140 techniques , 157 - 158 Classical economic theory , biological Brainwashing , 199 , 200 , 204 hierarchy in , 91 Breggin , Peter R., 167 - 170 Clinical neurology , 145 Brigham , Carl , 70 , 72 , 73 College Entrance Examination Board , 71 Brown , M . Hunter , 172 , 195 Combe , George , 145 , 146 Bruno , Giordano , 19 - 20 Commission of Experts , of Nazi exter - BucyiPaul C., 162 mination program , 101 Burckhardt , Gottlieb , 141 - 142 , 148 , Commonwealth Fund , 72 152 Comparative anatomy , 145 Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Confinement , solitary , 191 , 194 . See Drugs (BNDD ), 124 , 127 also Prison system Burt , Cyril , 49 Control of Human Behavior , 112 Cooper , Sarah , 129 Cairnes , John Eliot , 91 Cooperative League , 68 Calvin , John , 13 Copernican theory Camper , Peter , 34 , 62 , 63 Church ' s response to , 19 Capital punishment , 188 and Renaissance Christianity , 14 Carbon monoxide poisoning , 102 . See Copernicus , 12 a/so Mental patients Corporate foundations , 40 , 68 Carnegie , Andrew , 67 , 94 " Cottage industries , " 191 Carnegie Institution of Washington , 41 Craniology , 142 Cartwright , Samuel A ., 64 - 65 , 149 , 150 Creation myths , 15 . See 0150 Myths CASE (Contingencies Applicable to Crichton , Michael , 164 Special Education ) project , 201 Crime , 123 Center for Responsive Law , 171 and addiction , 126 Center for Study of Crime and Delin - and chromosomes , 179 , 180 quency of NIMH , 186 , 187 definition of , 181 , 208 Chase Allen , 43 Criminality Chattel . See Slavery biological determinants of , 179 Child labor , justification of , 89 myths about , 187 " Child molesters , " 205 Cubberly , Ellwood P., 38- 39 229 Index Curare, 206 DNA , 33 Cyproteroneacetate , 198 Dolophine , 120 Down 's syndrome , 176 , 177 Darwin, Charles, 82, 83, 84 Drug abuse Darwinism critical functions in , 118 of German eugenicists, 81 politics of , 117 , 125 of Nazi movement, 9 as social problem , 115 social, 88, 95 Drugs threat of, 82, 83 definition of , 118 Davenport, Charles Benedict, 41, 42, 43 psychotropic , 156 Death camps, 80 tolerance to , 114 de Crinis, Max, 6, 7 Due process , guarantee of , 208 Defective germ plasm, 41, 42, 43, 69 Dumont , Matthew , 127 - 128 Defectology, criminal, 182 Dyscontrol syndrome , 166 Degeneracy eugenic sterilization for , 46 Economic theory , biological hierarchy " hereditary," 40 in , 91 Delayed responsetests , 153 Education Delgado, jose, M. R., 173- 174 compensatory , 31 Democracy, Platonian, 22 and industrialization , 36 Demonology , 178 Eiseley , Loren , 87 Depravity, myths about, 28 Electroencephalogram , 158 Deprivation, in behavior modification Electronic telemetry systems , 174 programs, 201 Elite Descent orMan , The, 86 and Darwinism , 85 Determinism. See also Sociobiology and intelligence tests , 35 biological, 88, 104, 105 psychological support of , 46 concept of, 81 Ellis Island , line inspection at , 61 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 191 Eminence . See also Success Deviance as criterion , 49 and behavior control concepts, 174 and intelligence , 35 and brain dysfunction , 148 Environment , manipulation of , 2 , 6, childhood, 131 200 . See also Behavior control contempt for , 205 Epilepsy , 137 diagnosisof , 149 earl ier views of , 140 drug abuseas , 118- 119 and violence , 167 - 168 and eugenics, 41, 46 Ervin , Frank , 138 , 164 , 168 , 170 - 171 , group definition of, 132- 133 195 and public policy , 42 Ervin , Sam , 205 Dickens, Charles, 191 Ethics Dion, Karen, 183, 184 and drug abuse problem , 116 Disability , and eugenics, 41 medical , 149 Discrimination , among immigrant popu- of prison philosophy , 197 lation, 59. Seealso Racism of psychosurgery , 137 Disease and psychotechnology , 2 definition of , 132 Ethnocentrism , justification of , 87 genetic, 179 Ethnology , 142 neurological, 137 Eugenics Disraeli, Benjamin, 82, 83 behavior control as , 41 Diversity, human, 25 economic arguments of , 97 - 98 Charles White 's explanation of, 62 flourishing of , 94 determinants of , 31 Galton on , 40 and intellectual capacity, 48 genocidal translation of , 109 nature of , 56 as political device , 81 230 Index Eugenics Record Office , 42 vs . genesis , 10 Eugenics Research Association , 66 , 69 Nazi , 6 - 7 , 9 Eugenic sterilization laws , 42 , 43 , 96 German people , psychohistory of , 8 Euthanasia , 99 - 100 , 101 Germany Evolutionary theory , 82 eugenic policy of , 98 controversy over , 84 - 85 medicine in , 78 , 99 A . R . Wallace ' s view of , 86 - 87 Gibbon , Edward , 19 Expectations , social , and beliefs , 4 Gillie , Oliver , 50 Extermination Gladstone , William , 82 , 83 classification for , 101 Glaucon , 23 - 24 Nazi , program of , 80 , 103 Goddard , Henry , 44 , 47 , 65 , 66 , 70 Goffman , Erving , 129 Facial features , 63 , 145 , 152 Goldberger , Joseph , 43 and criminality , 179 " Gompers , Samuel , 67 and intelligence , 34 Gould , Stephen , 142 Factory prisons , 191 Grant , Madison , 73 Fallacy of equivocation , 92 Great Chain of Being , 62 , 82 , 83 Federal Bureau of Prisons , 200 , 201 , Greeley , Horace , 145 202 Greenberg , David F . , 194 Federal Center for Correctional Re - Groder , Martin C . , 203 , 204 search , 203 Groups , social F eeblem indedness dominant , 4 - 5 fear of , 45 mass extermination of , 7 menace of , 66 Gypsies , Nazi persecution of , 103 Filene , Edward A . , 68 " Final solution , " 9 , 10 , 80 Habituation , drug , 116 First Amendment ; 199 Hair , measures of , 63 Flourens , Pierre , 148 Harriman , Mrs . E . H . , 42 Foundations Head Start program , 31 corporate , 40 , 68 Heliocentric theory of universe , 13 , 15 , 20 private