Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät Karl-Peter Sommermann | Nathalie Behnke | Sabine Kropp | Hans Hofmann | Julia Fleischer | Hans-Heinrich von Knobloch | Dieter Schimanke | Ludger Schrapper | Kay Ruge | Klaus Ritgen | Werner Jann | Sylvia Veit | Jan Ziekow | Veith Mehde | Christoph Reichard | Eckhard Schröter | Gisela Färber | Hellmut Wollmann | Sabine Kuhlmann | Jörg Bogumil Public Administration in Germany Suggested citation referring to the original publication: Kuhlmann, S., Proeller, I., Schimanke, D. & Ziekow, J. (eds) (2021). Public Administration in Germany. Part of: Governance and Public Management. Springer Publishing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8 ISSN (print) 2524-728X ISSN (online) 2524-7298 ISBN: 978-3-030-53697-8 Postprint archived at the Institutional Repository of the Potsdam University in: Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 140 ISSN 1867-5808 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-504637 DOI https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-50463 Public Administration in Germany Edited by Sabine Kuhlmann · Isabella Proeller Dieter Schimanke · Jan Ziekow Governance and Public Management Series Editor Paul Joyce INLOGOV University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK IIAS Series: Governance and Public Management International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) – Setting the Governance Agenda Worldwide Website: http://www.iias-iisa.org Edited by Paul Joyce To cover the diversity of its members, the IIAS has set up four sub-entities: – The EGPA (European Group for Public Administration) – The IASIA (International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration) – The LAGPA (Latin American Group for Public Administration) – The AGPA (Asian Group for Public Administration) Governance and Public Management Series This IIAS series of books on Governance and Public Management has a focus and breadth that refects the concerns of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences. The Institute, which was set up in 1930, involves academics and governments from all around the world. The Institute’s work involves supporting both practitioners and academics, which it does by encouraging the production of relevant knowledge on public governance and public management and by facilitating its dissemi- nation and utilization. It is the intention of the series to include books that are forward-look- ing, have an emphasis on theory and practice, are based on sound under- standing of empirical reality, and offer ideas and prescriptions for better public governance and public management. This means the books will include not only facts about causes and effects, but also include ideas for actions and strategies that have positive consequences for the future of public governance and management. The books will offer a point of view about responses to the big challenges facing public governance and man- agement over the next decade, such as sustainable development, the cli- mate crisis, technological change and artifcial intelligence (A.I.), poverty, social exclusion, international cooperation, and open government. All books in the series are subject to Palgrave’s rigorous peer review pro- cess: https://www.palgrave.com/gb/demystifying-peer-review/792492 More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15021 Sabine Kuhlmann • Isabella Proeller Dieter Schimanke • Jan Ziekow Editors Public Administration in Germany Editors Sabine Kuhlmann Isabella Proeller University of Potsdam University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany Potsdam, Germany Dieter Schimanke Jan Ziekow Ministry of Labour, Women, Health, German Research Institute for Social Affairs of the German Land Public Administration Saxony-Anhalt Speyer, Germany Magdeburg, Germany ISSN 2524-728X ISSN 2524-7298 (electronic) Governance and Public Management ISBN 978-3-030-53696-1 ISBN 978-3-030-53697-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the ­publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and ­institutional affliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland FOREWORD Governments act in an increasingly multilateral and international environ- ment. However, making this cooperation work still depends heavily upon the capacities of national administrations. In many cases, their basic pro- fles have been shaped by long traditions, while others have undergone a process of transformation. In the context of the European Union, it is vital for member states to realize that European policies work effectively only when public administration is able to meet all new challenges. As an aid to understanding how we act, we decided to offer to the international public administration community an up-to-date edition of articles presenting and analysing the German system, including recent challenges and reforms. We have chosen the context of the European Public Administration Network (EUPAN), a forum for EU intergovernmental cooperation which includes member states and the European Commission, for launch- ing the open access version of the book. The fora and this book consider the basis and standards for an effective and effcient public administration that is citizen-oriented and fosters trust in public institutions. This can support European initiatives for improving the implementation of public programmes and cooperation in the frst place between the EU and its member states. In the international community of public administration scholars and practitioners, there is a growing need for knowledge and information, analyses, reviews and evaluations of present-day Germany’s administrative system and recent reforms. German researchers and practitioners are often asked for a publication to meet this need, especially in the arena of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) and its regional v vi FOREWORD institution, the European Group of Public Administration (EGPA), as well as in the world-wide public administration projects of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The pres- ent volume is intended to respond to research and teaching needs and to provide information on the actual practices and reforms. No English-language publication about the German administrative sys- tems has been on the market since 2001, when the German Section of the IIAS successfully met the demand for such a publication nearly 20 years after the frst, published in 1983. However, as these two works were pro- duced before and after German unifcation, much of their content is now outdated and in need of major revision.1 I am grateful to all the authors represented in this volume, who are leading academics and practitioners in the feld and who cooperated with great enthusiasm to bring forth the new edition within a short period of time. They all take full responsibility for the content they have contributed. The German Section of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences is deeply grateful to Professor Sabine Kuhlmann (Potsdam), Professor Isabella Proeller (Potsdam), State Secretary Dieter Schimanke (ret., Magdeburg/Hamburg) and Professor Jan Ziekow (Speyer) for developing the idea for this publication and realizing it together with a group of high-level experts in the German public administration. State Secretary, Hans-Georg Engelke Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community President, German Section of the IIAS NOTE 1. See König, K., von Oertzen, H.J., Wagener, F. (eds.) (1983). Public Administration in the Federal Republic of Germany. Deventer: Kluwer. König, K., Siedentopf, H. (eds.) (2001). Public Administration in Germany. Baden-Baden: Nomos. ACKnOWLEDGEMEnTS We would like to thank the German Section of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) for their confdence in the editors in