15.09.2017 MASTER’S THESIS MSC. SOC. MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVE BUSINESSES PROCESSES THE NOTION OF THE HETEROTOPIA THE CASE: ROSKILDE FESTIVAL Emma Hestbæk Søren Nørby Madsen STU 232.051 Management of Creative Business Processes The Notion of the Heterotopia Emma Hestbæk Søren Nørby Madsen TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: THE CASE – ROSKILDE FESTIVAL ............................................ 5 RESEARCH QUESTION ........................................................................................... 6 OUTLINE ..................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK & LITERATURE REVIEW ... 8 3.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 8 Introducing Heterotopia ........................................................................................ 8 The First Principle ................................................................................................. 9 The Second Principle ........................................................................................... 10 The Third Principle .............................................................................................. 10 The Fourth Principle ............................................................................................ 11 The Fifth Principle ............................................................................................... 11 The Sixth Principle ............................................................................................... 12 The Third Principle: ............................................................................................ 15 The Fourth Principle ............................................................................................ 16 The Fifth Principle ............................................................................................... 18 The Sixth Principle ............................................................................................... 19 3.2 APPLYING THEORY AND RESEARCH TO THE CASE STUDY ................ 21 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................ 24 4.1. PHILOSOPHY .................................................................................................. 24 Ontology ............................................................................................................... 24 Epistemology ........................................................................................................ 25 4.2 APPROACH ...................................................................................................... 25 4.3 RESEARCH STRATEGY ................................................................................. 26 4.4 TIME HORIZON ............................................................................................... 27 1 Management of Creative Business Processes The Notion of the Heterotopia Emma Hestbæk Søren Nørby Madsen 4.5 DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................... 27 Interviews: Participants ....................................................................................... 29 Participant observation ....................................................................................... 30 Interviews: Bookers ............................................................................................. 31 4.6 DATA ANALYSIS – CODING PROCESS ....................................................... 32 4.7 LIMITATIONS .................................................................................................. 34 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 38 5.1 PRESENTATION OF DATA: PARTICIPANT INTERVIEWS ....................... 38 5.1.1Time .............................................................................................................. 38 5.1.2 Behavior and mind-set patterns .................................................................. 40 5.1.3 Social aspects .............................................................................................. 47 5.1.4 Barriers to entry .......................................................................................... 51 5.1.5 Exploration ................................................................................................. 55 5.1.6 The Island .................................................................................................... 58 5.1.7 Audience development ................................................................................ 59 5.1.8 Evolution of festival .................................................................................... 60 5.1.9 Value of the festival ..................................................................................... 61 5.1.10 Audience description ................................................................................. 63 5.1.11 Roskilde Festival’s reputation .................................................................. 64 5.1.12 Roskilde Festival as an escape ................................................................. 65 5.1.13 Time-line of festival ................................................................................... 66 5.2. PRESENTATION OF DATA: PARTICIPANT OBSERVATIONS ................ 67 5.2.1 Audience description ................................................................................... 67 5.2.2 New use of things and space ....................................................................... 68 5.2.3 Description of working at Roskilde Festival ............................................... 68 5.2.4 Mind-set difficulties .................................................................................... 69 5.2.5 Audience development ................................................................................ 69 5.2.6 Observed difference of areas ...................................................................... 70 5.2.7 Value of entering different areas ................................................................ 71 5.2.8 Surprise aspect ............................................................................................ 71 5.2.9 Interpretation of experience ........................................................................ 71 5.2.10 Deviant behavior ....................................................................................... 72 2 Management of Creative Business Processes The Notion of the Heterotopia Emma Hestbæk Søren Nørby Madsen 5.2.11 Social expectations to camp ...................................................................... 72 5.2.12 Daily life at Roskilde Festival ................................................................... 73 5.2.13 Festival temporality .................................................................................. 73 5.2.14 Monetary barriers to entry ........................................................................ 74 5.2.15 Aim of the festival ...................................................................................... 74 5.2.16 Patterns of behavior in groups ................................................................. 74 5.2.17 In and out of the festival ............................................................................ 75 5.3. PRESENTATION OF DATA: MUSIC BOOKERS INTERVIEWS ................ 75 5.3.1 The surprise aspect ..................................................................................... 75 5.3.2 Roskilde as an influencer ............................................................................ 77 5.3.3 Audience description ................................................................................... 78 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ......................................................... 79 6.1. FOUCAULT’S FIRST PRINCIPLE ................................................................. 79 6.2 FOUCAULT’S SECOND PRINCIPLE: ............................................................ 82 6.3. FOUCAULT’S THIRD PRINCIPLE ................................................................ 83 6.4. FOUCAULT’S FOURTH PRINCIPLE ............................................................ 85 6.5. FOUCAULT’S FIFTH PRINCIPLE ................................................................. 88 6.6. FOUCAULT’S SIXTH PRINCIPLE ................................................................ 90 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION .................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 8: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS: ......................... 96 CHAPTER 9: FUTURE RESEARCH ..................................................................... 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY: ................................................................................................... 100 3 Management of Creative Business Processes The Notion of the Heterotopia Emma Hestbæk Søren Nørby Madsen ABSTRACT Purpose - The paper aims to analyze and discuss how, and to what extent, Roskilde Festival can be defined as a heterotopia, taking point of departure in Michel Foucault’s six principles of classification Methodology - The paper applies a qualitative method in the form of 15 semi-structured interviews from an in-depth case-study research of the festival Roskilde Festival Findings