International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-4 Issue-11, April 2015 Dative Case Affixes of Oghuz Group Turkish Languages Kamil Bashirov Kamal Abstract—In the article the past tense verbs suffixes of in Owing to this formant there arise adverbs like bərik, anrık, the oguz group of the Turkish languages are considered. The yokarık and etc. According to the authors “k” formant in comparative analysis of theverbs suffixesin this language not only free, but also expresses dative case in different languages belonging to the Turkic groupon the base of “arık” and “k” complex form. (Serebrennikov B.A. the examples is presented. The comparison of the Haciyeva N.Z., 1979, 80) verbs suffixes in the singular and plural forms in the Middle Ages and in modern times is demonstrated. We can come across to this case appearing in some dialects, especially in Emud: Eserde meniɳ etmişlerimin Keywords: dative case affixes of Oghuz group Turkish barını bir erik jelleseler atuv jezasi maɳa az bolardı. languages, sound assimilation, and classification. Çaqalarıvı baqrına basıp yüzi günbatarık duran front otlularıne miɳüp qidenleren den. Şu saqadına deɳlepdiler. I. INTRODUCTION (Essay of Dialects Turkman Language. 2006, p.127) The issue about formation dative case and affixes of dative case is unknown for Turkology. F. Calilov has some II. STATEMENT ideas about dative case and affixes of dative case and he After looking throw Turkman language’s dative case nominates 3 theories. But he also considers that no one of system we see that changing of words in this language is these are significant enough. (Calilov F.A., 1988, 216 – more multifarious than other turkish languages. As in this 217). language there are changing vehicles which belong to Oguz On the modern level of Oghuz group languages group languages, specific affixes, also elements which dative case affixes are –na2, -ya2 after vowels, and –a, -ə gipchaq group languages include. For example when after consonants. Expression of different morphemes come infinitives are declined in Turkman language q-k sounds at across when we look throw to first ancient written the end of the word in dative case change to n and q sounds: monuments of Oghuz population, writings of classics and barmaqa – barmana, almaq – almana, yaşamak – existing other Turkish languages. With taking into account yaşama:qa, okamak – okama:qa and etc. In Emud dialect the sayings there are following invariants of dative case in the sound “k” adds to the end of the word: ova:k qitdi (oba: Turkish languages. qitdi), Bikə:k berdi (Bikə: berdi). 1) –qa, -ka, -kə, -gə, -ğa, -k, -ık4 Unlike Azerbaijan language in turkish, turkman and 2) –ra, -rə, -rı,- ri,-rü gagauz language dative case affixes are not added to the 3) -na, - nə end of the word if the word finishes with the vowel “o”. For 4) –ça, - çə example: Mən kinoya getdim (Azer.) – Men kino: qitdim 5) – ya, - yə (turkish, turkman, gagauz). 6) – ba, - bə In Gagauz language if the word is multisyllable and 7) – a, -ə it ends with the sound “k”, the last sound (k) falls when it The common element for all groups are “-a,-ə”, as takes dative case affix and the vowel before last sound can be seen from the dative case affixes. F. Calilov names pronounces longer. For example: sokak (street) – soka:, “y” sound addition of the –ya allomorpheme, “n” trail of yanak – yana:, uzak – uza:, konak – kona:, görmek – possession affix in the – na and considers that its an infix. görme: and etc. This case is on literary level in Gagauz The author considers the relation of “a” and “qa” archetypes language but it is accepted as dialect in Azerbaijan and unknown and he also emphasizes future etymological Turkish languages. Enə sonunda yata: düşmüşdü. Ben de investigation of these morphemes. (Calilov F.A., 1988, 216 onnarı arama: çıkdım. Onu bir kere yime: çavursaya. – 217) Researches show that this case is more specific for A.N. Kononov who investigated dative case affixes Gaziantep, Kastamoni and Bartin dialects in Turkish from the language of ancient written monuments and language. We can see it in most of Azerbaijani dialects, modern Turkish came to conclusion that, k-q-y interchange especially in Mughan and West group dialects. For (ka-qa-ya) is possible phonetic event. (Kononov A.N., example: sə: (sənə), mə: (mənə), sa:, ma:, qona:, uşa: and 1941, p.97) etc. Adam uşa: elə söz deməz. Bu kitabı sa: (sə:) In modern Turkman litrary language main exponent bağışlayıram. Üç gündür yorğan-döşə: düşüb. of dative case is –a and- ə (qecə, yarma, durna, serçə and As we see from examples after falling of the last etc.), but in Alili and Nohur dialects dative case affixes are consonant (k, q, n) dative case affix joins to last vowel and same in Azerbaijan and Turkish language. pronounces long. According to Turkman language dialects B. In the Vulkanest dialect of Gagauz language dative Serebrennikov and N.Hajiyeva notice that element “k” is an case is the same with Azerbaijani: torpağa, kaçmağa, active form of dative case in this language. çıkmağa and etc. But there are exceptions: durma:, görme:, düşme:. Manuscript Received on March 2015. Kamil Bashirov Kamal, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Teaching Methods of Azerbaijan Language of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University. Retrieval Number: K20300441115 /2015©BEIESP Published By: 20 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Dative Case Affixes of Oghuz Group Turkish Languages “Oraya, buraya” (here, there) place adverbs developed for its specific peculiarities. (Mirzazadeh H., (demonstrative pronouns) pronounces as “orey, burey” in 1990, p.43-44) Komrat and Chadurlunq dialects of Gagauz language. In H. Mirzazadeh explains relations between Azerbaijan language’s Borcali and Amasiya dialects these Azerbaijan and other turkish languages with literary- are pronounced as “orya, burya”. The affix “ey” at the end cultural exchange according to classical poets – Kishvari, S. of the words “guney, quzey” (south, north) we can say is Tabrizi who used the affix of dative case in their poems. dative case function. In west group of dialects Now “n” and “k” elements goes on using in some demonstrative pronouns “odur, budur” are pronounced as our words, in paralel use of our dialects: görük, bezik, ərik, “odey, budey”. sürük and etc. In west group dialects we can come across As it is known from sources in ancient times of changing –q to x: umsum-umsux, darıx,qorux (qorx), yolux, Turkish language dative case elements “n” and “q” sounds acıx (acmaq) and etc. were used together for a long time as in words: sanqa, “k” and “q” dative case affixes had an important role manqa, onqa, atanqa and etc. This meant the sound – sağır for improving and making new grammatical forms to new nun (ɳ). H. Mirzazade mentioned that the sound “n (n+q)” words in our languages. First this element denoted direct, is more older than the soun “n”. M.Kaşqari writes that it second convertibility, repetition and terminal point, and was too difficult to pronounce the sound “ɳ” for people who third expressed statical character and finally expressed are not turkish. (5, 115) When M. Ergin talks about dative function of derivate nouns from verbs. case in turkish languages he notices that in ancient turkish Element “k” denotes collectiveness of first person languages dative case affixes were –ğa, -ğe. After western plural ( gəlirik, gedirik and etc), after ablative, nominative turkish language started form the sounds –ğ, -g were and possessive cases joins to words which denotes place assimilated and dative case was started to use as –a, -e. and possession and makes adjectives: irəlidəki, arxadakı, (Muharrem Ergin, 1967, p.222) mənimki, səninki, dünənki, çoxdankı,həminki and etc. A. Alizade considers that assimilating the sounds Like “k” so “n” element left its case denoting “ğ” and “q” by ages is natural process for Azerbaijan function to “a-ə” morphemes in other development steps of language. Some words are used in Qipchaq and Karluq our language and now these morphemes are using to denote languages including these consonants are existing in sign, possession, impersonal, passive and reflexive formant. Azerbaijan and other Oghuz group languages without these Reflexive also expresses back action, i.e direction. It’s sounds. For example: sıçğan – sıçan, qağaz – qaz, kağatır – interesting that, in that dialect na,ne dative case forms like qatır and etc. (Alizade A.C., 1986, 113 – 116) an,en: Oğlannara:n yazığım gelmedi, şimdi qızı da Now in most of Turkish languages the sound “ɳ” has öldürecem... Bu asbablarınu sehen verim, sen behen qoyun changed to the sounds “n” and “q”. But in some Turkish kes, qarnını behen ver, eti-meti sehen. (Vekilov A.P., 1973, languages and western group dialects of Azerbaijan p.64). language this sound (sağır nun) is still exists. However now As seen as oğlannara:n (oğlanlarınla), sehen in Azerbaijan language and in its dialects there are not (sənə),behen (bene-mənə) in these words there are sound words with pure “ğa” and “ka” (kə) dative case affixes. interchange event. To this analogical event we can come R.Askar resting to E.Azizov wants to prove opposite of this. across in Azerbaijan language’s Salmas dialect: ba:şan “It’s interesting that, dative case affixes –ğa, - gə is also (başına), cana:n (canına),qulağa:n ( qulağına), güzen ( used like this in some our dialects.” E. Azizov writes about güzünə) and etc. (Bilgehan A., 2007, p.106) this: “–ğ appears when nouns change for The ancient types of dative case were – qaru, -aru2, - possesive,accustive and dative case which include second ra2,-rı4. They were in active position, then these archetypes person in singular possesive affixes in Cabrail and combined to the roots of words and lost there dative case Zangilan’s some village dialects.