A CHECKLIST AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SUBTERRANEAN AQUATIC FAUNA OF TEXAS JAMES R. REDDELL and ROBERT W. MITCHELL Texas Technological College WATER RESOURCES \ CENTER Lubbock, Texas WRC 69-6 INTERNATIONAL CENTER for ARID and August 1969 SEMI-ARID LAND STUDIES A CHECKLIST AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SUBTERRANEAN AQUATIC FAUNA OF TEXAS James R. Reddell and Robert W. Mitchell Department of Biology Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas INTRODUCTION In view of the ever-increasing interest in all studies relating to the water resources of Texas, we have found it timely to prepare this guide to the fauna and biological literature of our subterranean waters. The value of such a guide has already been demonstrated by Clark (1966) in his "Publications, Personnel, and Government Organizations Related to the Limnology, Aquatic Biology and Ichthyology of the Inland Waters of Texas". This publication dea ls primarily with inland surface waters, however, barely touching upon the now rather extensive literature which has accumulated on the biology of our subterranean waters. To state a n obvious fact, it is imperative that our underground waters receive the attention due them. They are one of our most important resources. Those subterranean waters for which biological data exi st are very un­ equally distributed in the state. The best known are those which are acces­ sible to collection and study via the entrances of caves. Even in cavernous regions there exist inaccessible deep aquifers which have yielded little in­ formation as yet. Biological data from the underground waters of non-cave rn­ ous areas are virtually non-existant. Among the most important of our subterranean waters are the limestone aquifers of that large central region of the state comprising the Edwards and Stockton Plateaus and the Llano Region . These waters are our best known biologically. The richness of the subterranean fauna here is rivaled by that in only a few other areas of the world. Of particular interest is the large number of obligate cave-dwelling species (troglobites) some of which, because of their unique form, are known to biologists a round the world. Some biological data are available for lesser areas such as the gypsum - 1 - plain of Culberson Co. and the gypsum strata of northwest Texas. Our guide is divided into two parts. Part I is a species listing while Part II is an annotated bibliography. We have striven for complete­ ness and have included in Part I every species taken from our subterranean waters for which a published record exists (excepting erroneous records corrected in subsequent literature), Also included are many unpublished data. Those species designated by an asterisk are obligate cave-dwellers or troglobites. Part II comprises essentially all primary references and those secondary references in which are presented any significant biological data. No attempt has been made to include all those references where only passing mention of some species name has been made. We have briefly anno­ tated each citation in the hope that the usefulness of the bibliography will be greatly benefited. Each reference has been examined in preparation of the annotations. We should like to acknowledge the following persons for their identi­ fications of species in the groups noted: Dr. Thomas Bowman, United States National Museum, cironalid isopods; Dr. Horton Hobbs, Jr., United States National Museum, crayfish and entocytherid ostracods; Dr. John R. Holsinger, Old Dominion College, amphipods; Mrs . Emily Mandelbaum, United States National Museum, cyprid ostracods; Dr. P. J. Spangler, United States Nation­ al Museum, beetles; Dr. Harry C. Yeatman, University of the South, copepods. Mr. Hector Cuellar supplied the records of fishes collected in River Styx Cave, King Co. Mr. William H. Russell has assisted in many of the collections. - 2 - PART I - SPECIES LIST PHYLUM COELENTERATA CLASS HYDROZOA Order Hydroidea Family Hydridae Hydra sp. Texas cave r ec ords.--Medina County: Boehm's Cave. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES CLASS TURBELLARIA Order Catenulida Family Stenostomidae Stenostomum sp. Texas cave records. - ··Bell County: Stagecoach Inn Cave. Stenos tomum tenuicauda von Graff Texas cave r ecords.- -- Hays County: Ezell's Cave . Order Tricladida Famil y Kenkiidae *Spha lloplana kutscheri Mitchell Texas cave records. --Travis County: Spanish Wells Cave . ''(Sphalloplana mohri Hyma n Texas cave records.--Hays County: Ezell's Cave *Sphallopla na reddelli Mitchell Texas cave r ecords .--Kendall County: Cascade Caverns. - 3 - *Sphalloplana sloani Mitchell Texas cave records.--San Saba County: Harrell's Cave. *Sphalloplana zeschi Mitchell Texas cave records.--Mason County: Zesch Ranch Cave. PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES CLASS NEMATOMORPHA Order Gordioidea Undetermined species Texas cave records.--Edwards County: Dunbar Cave; Travis County: Adobe Springs Cave. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA CLASS GASTROPODA Order Ctenobranchiata Family Amnicolidae *Horatia sp. Texas cave records.--Travis County: Salamander Cave. "''Horatia (Hauffenia) micra (Pilsbry and Ferriss) Texas cave records.--Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos. Order Basonunatophora Family Phys idae Physa sp. Texas cave records.--Medina County: Boehm's Cave and Valdina Farms Sinkhole; Sutton County: Felton Cave. - 4 - CLASS PELECYPODA Order Teleodesmacea Family Sphaeriidae Sphaerium (Musculium) sp. Texas cave records.--Kendall County: Cascade Caverns. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CLASS CRUSTACEA Order Cladocera Family Daphnidae Daphnia parvula Fordyce Texas cave records.--Sutton County: Felton Cave. Order Podocopa Family Cypridae ~'<Candona sp. Texas cave records.--Mason County: Zesch Ranch Cave; San Saba County: Harrell's Cave. *Candona sp., nr stagnalis Sars Texas cave records.--Medina County: Valdina Farms Sinkhole; Sutton County: Felton Cave; Travis County: Cave X and Salamander Cave. Cypridopsis sp., nr vidua (O.F. Muller) and okeechobei Forbes Texas cave records.-- Medina County: Boehm's Cave. Cypridopsis ?helvetica Kaufmann Texas cave records.--Lampasas County: Sullivan Knob Cave; Medina County: Boehm' s Cave. Cypridopsis vidua obesa Brady and Robertson Texas cave records.--Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos . - 5 - Physocypria pustulosa (Sharpe) Texas cave records.--Medina County: Boehm's Cave; Sutton County: Felton Cave. *Prionocypris sp. Texas cave records.--Travis County: Salamander Cave. Family Entocytheridae Ankylocythere sinuosa (Rioja) Texas cave records.--Comal County: Bender's Cave; Kendall County: Alzafar Cave, Dead Man's Cave, and Golden Fawn Cave. Entocythere reddelli Hobbs and Walton Texas cave records.--Kendall County: Golden Fawn Cave. Order Eucopopoda Family Cyclopidae Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi (S.A. Forbes) Texas cave records.--Travis County: Cave X. Cyclops cavernarum Ulrich Texas cave records.--Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos. Cyclops learii Ulrich Texas cave records.--Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos. Cyclops varicans rubellus Lilljeborg Texas cave records.--Hays County: Ezell's Cave; Mason County: Zesch Ranch Cave. - 6 - Cyclops vernalis Fischer Texas cave records.--Culberson County: Border Cave; Sutton County: Felton Cave. Cyclops (Diacyclops) c rassicaudis brachycercus Kiefer Texas cave records.--Sa n Saba County: Harrell's Cave. Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine) Texas cave records.--Medina County: Boehm's Cave and Valdina Farms Sinkhole; Schleicher County: Cave Y; Travis County: Balcones Sink; Uvalde County: Indian Creek Cave. Mes ocyclops l ongisetus (Thiebaud) Texas cave records.--Sutton County : Felton Cave. Paracyclops fimbria tus (S. Fischer) Texas cave r ecords.--Travi s County : Dead Dog Cave No . 2. Paracyclops fimbriatus poppe i (Rehber g) Texas cave records.--Burnet County: Snelling 's Cave; Me dina County: Va ldina Farms Sinkhole; Travis County: Cave X and Salamander Cave . Order Isopoda Family Asellidae *Asellus sp. Texas cave records.-- Ke ndall County: Schneider Ranch Cave; Williamson County: Ba t We ll. *Asellus bisetus Steeves Texas cave records.--San Saba County : Gorman Cave. - 7 - *Asellus pilus Steeves Texas cave records.--Medina County: Valdina Farms Sinkhole. *Asellus reddelli Steeves Texas cave records.--Bell County: Nolan Creek Cave; Coryell County: Tippit Cave; Travis County: Cave X; Williamson County: Elm Water Cave. *Asellus smithii (Ulrich) Texas cave records.- -Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos. Family Cirolanidae *Cirolanides texensis Benedict Texas cave records.--Edwards County: Devil's Sinkhole; Hays County: Artesian Well at San Marcos, Ezell's Cave, Frank Johnson's Well, and Wonder Cave; Kerr County: Stowers Cave; Real County: Bonner Fallout Shelter Cave; Schleicher County: Cave Y; Uvalde County: Indian Creek Cave and McNair Cave; Val Verde County: Diablo Cave, Four-Mile Cave, and Little Diablo Cave. Order Thermosbenacea Family Monodellidae *Monodella texana Maguire Texas cave records.--Hays County: Ezell's Cave Order Amphipoda Family Gammaridae *Stygonectes sp. Texas cave records.--Menard County: Neel Cave . - 8 - *Stygonectes balconis Hubricht Texas cave records.--Hays County: Boyett's Cave; Travis County: Ireland's Cave. *Stygoriectes bifurcatus Holsinger Texas cave records.--Coryell County: Tippit Cave; Kendall County: Century Caverns and Schneider Ranch Cave; Lampasas County: Sullivan Knob Cave; San Saba County: Gorman Cave and Harrell's Cave; Travis County: Jack's Joint . *Stygonectes dejectus Holsinger Texas cave records.--Kendall County: Cascade Caverns . * Stygonectes flagellatus (Benedict) Texas cave records.--Hays County: