Volume 17(4), 16- 21, 2013 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Contributions to the mycobiota knowledge of spruce forests from Obârşia Lotrului health resort(Romania) Ciortan Ioana Botanical Garden „Al. Buia” of University Craiova, 32 C-tin Lecca Street, 200217, Romania. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper presents 116 macromycetes species of spruce Key words forests [Eastern Carpathian subalpine spruce forests (Picea abies) with Oxalis acetosella – association Hieracio rotundati - Piceetum Pawł. et Br.-Bl. 1939 Obârșia Lotrului, Romania, oxalidosum] from Obârşia Lotrului Resort – area which is part of the site macromycetes, edibility, Natura 2000-Parâng, also socio-economic potential of the species (edibility, toxicity, practical toxicity, practical importance). importance Just as noted Botnariuc in 2010 [8] „the the south of Pasul Tărtărău and north of the Pasul extinction of a species is an irreversible process, Urdele. This area is practically an area of about 1 km ignorance of its ecological role may be the loss of any around the Obârşia Lotrului mountain shed and along new medical resources, food, etc. or it may result to the the of the national road DN 7A towards Vidra Lake for destabilization of entire ecosystems”. In the a distance of about 3 Km. biodiversity conservation the first step is to establish From the botanical sense the adjacent territory list of species whose protection must be a priority. of the study area was investigated by Ştefureac et al. Therefore I decided establishment of an mycological 1954, 1955, 1959, 1963 [31, 32, 34, 35]. inventory of Obârşia Lotrului health resort. The The mycological research in the area were made Obârşia Lotrului area is recognized as one of the by Ciortan 2006 [9], and in the surrounding areas by richest from the country in mushrooms and berries. Niculescu et al. 2008 [25]. Here arriving for years, hundreds of pickers from all parts of the country and encamping in insalubrious Material and Methods conditions, leaving behind much garbage, both from the camping and from the cleaning of mushrooms. In the 2004, 2006 and 2008 years were made trips in August, September and October, and in 2010 in October. The fundamental objective of the research was the identification of taxa, and in a subordinate assessment of the socio-economic potential of macromycetes identified. The determinations were made on fresh material and continues in the laboratory for the species with have required the microscopic observation. The proper identification of taxa was achieved using specialized works [2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7; 10; 14; 17; 18; 19, 20; 23; 29]. The nomenclature in accordance with Index Fungorum 2013 [36]. Fig. 1. Map of the investigated area Fieldwork has materialized by taking photos of which were recorded all aspects of major scientific The health resort, occupying an area of 3 ha, at significance, which we help identify taxa and an altitude of between 1.300 and 1.400 m, at the coenotaxons (associations/sinusiums) as well as confluence of Lotru River with Pravăţ River and determining the physiological condition of fungal Izvorul Tâmpei River (Fig. 1). Is part of the Natura communities. 2000-Parâng Site, founded by Order of Minister of The results researchs are presented into Environment and Sustainable Development no synthethical table, to point out the species published in 1964/2007. 2006 [9] and a socio-economic potential of species The study area is located in the surroundings of (edibility, toxicity, practical importance) for which Obârşia Lotrului mountain shed, situated at an 1.340 m have been consulted various works [16; 21; 22; 27; 28; altitude, latitudinal coordinates: 45º26′7″N, 23º37′50″E 29; 30; 37]. - 45°26′5″N, 23°37′51″E – at the intersection DN 67C (Transalpina) with DN 7A5 (Petroşani-Voineasa), to 16 Results and Discussions with less than consistency, hence the name of association given by Wraeber 1953 - Luzulo sylvaticae- The surveys were conducted in eastern Piceetum. In the cut forest is found Calamagrostis Carpathian subalpine spruce forests (Picea abies) with arundinacea or Gramineae mixed with Oxalis acetosella – association Hieracio rotundati - Dicotyledonatae (most commonly being encountered Piceetum Pawł. et Br.-Bl. 1939 oxalidosum [11], the Chamaenerion angustifolium). There is no shrub layer habitat 9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the in these forests. montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea) - (Natura The soil is a skeletal podzol, which is 2000) [13]. Association Hieracio rotundati - Piceetum characterized in that foliage stratum is quite thick, up is characteristic of the boreal belt, characterized by the to a few centimeters. In this stratum the organic dominant species Picea abies, many populations of substance, to a small extent decomposed, is studded mosses and herbaceous plants, mostly acidophilic. The with numerous micro- and macromycetes. herbaceous vegetation is very poor. Oxalis acetosella Macromycete list of species identified is may be substituted by Luzula silvatica in the arboretum presented in Table 1. Table 1 Macromycetes from Obârşia Lotrului health resort No. Species identified in area Species Socio-economic potential published in 2006 1. Ascocoryne sarcoides (Jacq.) J.W. Groves & D.E. Wilson - Medicinal use. Contains ascocorinin, pigment, which in alkaline solution causes a purple- black color. Antibiotic activity of ascocorinin is moderately, inhibit the growth of Gram- positive bacteria, including Bacillus stearothermophilus [28]; saprotroph. 2. Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff. + Edible; saprotroph. 3. Agaricus xanthodermus Genev. + Toxic - causes the resinoidian syndrome; saprotroph. 4. Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.) Kotl. & Pouzar + Edible, medicinal use; the industrial value at the research stage [16]. Contains albatrelins A-C (1-3), three novel dimers (meroterpenoid pigments), albatrelins D-F (4-6), and two known ones, 6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro- 3,6,9-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)- 1,9-epoxy-6H dibenzo[b,d]pyran and confluentin – showed weak cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7712, A-549, and MCF-7, in vitro [21]; saprotroph. 5. Amanita battarrae (Boud.) Bon - Suspect; mycorrhizal. 6. Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. var. muscaria + Toxic - causes the muscarian syndrome; narcotic, used in folk medicine as an aphrodisiac and dope [16]; mycorrhizal. 7. Amanita pantherina (DC.) Krombh. - Toxic - causes the pantherian syndrome; narcotic, used in folk medicine as an dope [16]; mycorrhizal. 8. Amanita rubescens Pers. var. rubescens - Edible or Poisonous/Suspect - after Phillips 2013 [37] suspected to be toxic, can causes hemolytic syndrome if not well boiled; mycorrhizal. 9. Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam. + Edible or Poisonous/Suspect - after Phillips 2013 [37] suspected to be toxic; mycorrhizal. 10. Amanita vittadinii (Moretti) Vittad. + Toxic - causes hemolytic syndrome; mycorrhizal. 11. Ampulloclitocybe clavipes (Pers.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & - Toxic - causes coprinian syndrome; medicinal Vilgalys use; saprotroph. 12. Baeospora myosura (Fries) Singer + Inedible; saprotroph. 13. Balsamia platyspora Berk. + Mycorrhizal. 14. Boletus appendiculatus Schaeff. + Edible, optionally; mycorrhizal. 15. Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr. - Edible, optionally; mycorrhizal. 16. Boletus edulis Bull. + Edible; mycorrhizal. 17. Boletus luridiformis Rostk. var. luridiformis + Poisonous/Suspect; mycorrhizal. 18. Bondarzewia mesenterica (Schaeff.) Kreisel - Inedible; lignocellulosic degradation (producing white rot); saproytoph-parasite. 19. Bovista plumbea Pers. + Edible at the young stage of development; saprotroph. 17 20. Cantharellus cibarius Fr. + Edible; mycorrhizal. 21. Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Vittad.) Vellinga - Edible; saprotroph. 22. Clavulin a coralloides (L.) J. Schröt. + Edible; saprotroph. 23. Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar - Inedible; lignocellulosic degradation (producing brown rot); saprotroph-parasite. 24. Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm. + Edible; saprotroph. 25. Clitocybe rivulosa (Pers.) P. Kumm. + Toxic - deadly (causes muscarinian syndrome) ; saprotroph. 26. Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill, Inedible; medicinal use. Saprotroph. 27. Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo + Poisonous/Suspect - causes coprinian syndrome; saprotroph. 28. Cortinarius camphoratus (Fr.) Fr - Inedible; mycorrhizal. 29. Cortinarius caperatus (Pers.) Fr. + Edible; mycorrhizal. 30. Cortinarius cinnamomeus (L.) Fr. - Toxic - causes orellanian syndrome; mycorrhizal. 31. Cortinarius collinitus (Pers.) Fr. - Poisonous/Suspect; mycorrhizal. 32. Cortinarius purpurascens Fr. - Poisonous/Suspect - causes orellanian syndrome; mycorrhizal. 33. Crepidotus applanatus (Pers.) P. Kumm. var. applanatus - Inedible; saprotroph. 34. Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.) Fayod - Poisonous/Suspect; saprotroph. 35. Cystoderma carcharias (Pers.) Fayod - Poisonous/Suspect; saprotroph. 36. Dacrymyces stillatus Nees - Inedible; saprotroph. 37. Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. Kickx f. Inedible; used in folk medicine, bookbinding floral decorations, technique (wicks/touchwood, perfumes) [16]; lignocellulosic degradation (producing white rot); parasite. 38. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. + Inedible; used in folk medicine, bookbinding floral decorations [16]; lignocellulosic degradation (producing brown rot); saprotroph-parasite. 39. Gliophorus laetus (Pers.) Herink + Edible; saprotroph. 40. Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P. Karst. - Inedible; medicinal use;