Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions May 14, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46785 SUMMARY R46785 Federal Support for Reproductive Health May 14, 2021 Services: Frequently Asked Questions Elayne J. Heisler, Federal support for reproductive health services—preventive, diagnostic, and treatment Coordinator services related to reproductive systems, functions, and processes—is administered in Specialist in Health different ways, largely because federal agencies, departments, and programs have Services different missions. Congress has introduced bills related to various aspects of reproductive health care. This includes bills that expand or restrict the types of reproductive health services available, how they are paid for or delivered, and the restrictions in place on paying for or providing certain types of reproductive health services. This report provides answers to frequently asked questions concerning the provision, funding, and coverage of reproductive health services in the United States. Specifically, it discusses six categories of reproductive health services with regard to whether the federal government provides these services, pays for them, or requires certain health insurance plans to cover them. The six categories are 1. contraception; 2. abortion and abortion counseling; 3. infertility-related services; 4. maternity services; 5. reproductive health screening, preventive services, and treatment; and 6. gender-affirming services. After providing an overview of the reproductive health services discussed, the report describes whether and how federal programs that provide health services directly to a set of beneficiaries deliver or pay for the six types of reproductive health services; describes the services that federal payment programs will reimburse when services are provided to enrolled beneficiaries; answers questions about federal requirements for private health insurance coverage of reproductive health services; and provides short summaries of various federal programs that administer grants to nongovernmental entities to provide specific types of reproductive health services. Congressional Research Service Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 General Questions ........................................................................................................................... 1 What Are Reproductive Health Services? ................................................................................. 1 What Are Contraceptive Services? ............................................................................................ 2 What Are Abortions and Abortion Counseling Services? ......................................................... 5 Can Federal Funds Be Used to Pay for Abortions or Abortion Counseling? ............................ 6 What Are Infertility Services? ................................................................................................... 7 What Are Maternity Services? .................................................................................................. 8 What Are Reproductive Health Prevention and Treatment Services? ....................................... 8 What Are Gender-Affirming Services? .................................................................................... 11 Federal Agencies and Departments ............................................................................................... 12 Bureau of Prisons (BOP) ......................................................................................................... 12 Does BOP Provide Reproductive Health Services? .......................................................... 13 Does BOP Provide Contraceptive Services? ..................................................................... 13 Does BOP Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? ................................................... 14 Does BOP Provide Infertility Services? ............................................................................ 14 Does BOP Provide Maternity Services? ........................................................................... 14 Does BOP Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services? ........................................................................................................................ 15 Does BOP Provide Gender-Affirming Services? .............................................................. 16 Department of Defense (DOD) ............................................................................................... 16 Does DOD Provide Reproductive Health Services? ......................................................... 16 Does DOD Provide Contraceptive Services? .................................................................... 17 Does DOD Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? .................................................. 17 Does DOD Provide Infertility Services? ........................................................................... 18 Does DOD Provide Maternity Services? .......................................................................... 19 Does DOD Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services? ........................................................................................................................ 19 Does DOD Provide Gender-Affirming Services? ............................................................. 19 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Noncitizen Detention ............................ 20 Does ICE Provide Reproductive Health Services? ........................................................... 21 Does ICE Provide Contraceptive Services? ...................................................................... 21 Does ICE Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? .................................................... 21 Does ICE Provide Infertility Services? ............................................................................. 22 Does ICE Provide Maternity Services? ............................................................................ 22 Does ICE Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services? ....................................................................................................... 22 Does ICE Provide Gender-Affirming Services? ............................................................... 23 Indian Health Service (IHS) .................................................................................................... 23 Does IHS Provide Reproductive Health Services? ........................................................... 24 Does IHS Provide Contraceptives? ................................................................................... 24 Does IHS Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? .................................................... 25 Does IHS Provide Infertility Services? ............................................................................. 25 Does IHS Provide Maternity Services? ............................................................................ 26 Does IHS Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services? ........................................................................................................................ 26 Does IHS Provide Gender-Affirming Services? ............................................................... 27 Congressional Research Service Federal Support for Reproductive Health Services: Frequently Asked Questions The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) ............................................................................................... 27 Does USCG Provide Reproductive Health Services? ....................................................... 27 Does USCG Provide Contraceptive Services? .................................................................. 28 Does USCG Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? ................................................ 28 Does USCG Provide Infertility Services? ......................................................................... 29 Does USCG Provide Maternity Services? ........................................................................ 29 Does USCG Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services? ........................................................................................................................ 29 Does USCG Provide Gender-Affirming Services? ........................................................... 29 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ...................................................................................... 30 Does the VA Provide Reproductive Health Services? ....................................................... 30 Does the VA Provide Contraceptive Services? ................................................................. 30 Does the VA Provide Abortions or Abortion Counseling? ................................................ 31 Does the VA Provide Infertility Services? ........................................................................ 31 Does the VA Provide Maternity Services? ........................................................................ 32 Does the VA Provide Reproductive Health Screening, Prevention, and Treatment Services?