Studien zur AltägyptiSchen Kultur Herausgegeben von Jochem kahlkahl und Nicole kloth Band 4447 | 20182015 Helmut Buske Verlag HamBurg Die Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (SAK), gegründet 1974, erscheinen jährlich in ein bis zwei Bänden. Manuskripte erbeten an die Herausgeber oder an den Verlag: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH Richardstraße 47 D-22081 Hamburg [email protected] Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Jochem Kahl Dr. Nicole Kloth Ägyptologisches Seminar Sondersammelgebiet Ägyptologie Freie Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek Fabeckstr. 23-25, Raum 0.0056 Plöck 107-109 D-14195 Berlin D-69117 Heidelberg [email protected] [email protected] Beirat: Prof. Dr. Hartwig Altenmüller (Hamburg) Prof. Dr. Manfred Bietak (Wien) Prof. Dr. Angelika Lohwasser (Münster) Prof. Dr. Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Alle Manuskripte unterliegen einer anonymisierten Begutachtung (peer review); über die An- nahme oder Ablehnung des Manuskripts entscheiden die Herausgeber. Über die Internetseite http://studien-zur-altaegyptischen-kultur.de sind die Formatvorlage sowie weitere Hinweise zur Erstellung von Manuskripten für die SAK zu finden. ISSN 0340-2215 (Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur) ISBN 978-3-87548-860-9 ISBN eBook 978-3-87548-947-7 © Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 2018. Dies gilt auch für Vervielfältigungen, Über- tragungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen, soweit es nicht §§ 53 und 54 URG ausdrücklich gestatten. Bildbearbeitung, Druck- vorstufe: Da-TeX Gerd Blumenstein, Leipzig. Druck: Strauss, Mörlenbach. Buchbinderische Verarbeitung: Litges & Dopf, Heppenheim. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier: alterungsbeständig nach ANSI-Norm resp. DIN-ISO 9706, hergestellt aus 100% chlor- frei gebleichtem Zellstoff. Printed in Germany. SAK 47 • © Helmut Buske Verlag 2018 • ISSN 0340-2215 The Middle Kingdom Theban Project: Preliminary report on the University of Alcalá Expedition to Deir el-Bahari, Fourth Season (2018) Antonio J. Morales / Rawda Abd El-Hady / Kelly Accetta / Marta Arranz / Teresa Bardají / Manuel F. Carrillo / Flavio Celis / Carmen Díaz / Enrique Dorado / Ernesto Echeverría / Sebastian Falk / Carlos Gracia / Salima Ikram / Sofía Illana / Elisabeth Kruck / Miriam Luciañez / Oscar Martínez / Delaminet Meza / Patricia Mora / Jónatan Ortiz / Mohamed Osman / Raúl Sánchez / Dina Serova / Hazem Shared / Daniel Spinelli / Ahmed Tarek / Kei Yamamoto (Taf. 10–18) Abstract The current report presents the archaeological, epigraphic, conservation, geological, and architectural works carried out by the Middle Kingdom Theban Project – a project under the auspices of the University of Alcalá Expedition to Deir el-Bahari (Luxor) – in its fourth season (March-April 2018). In this season, the archaeologi- cal team expanded its concession, with the incorporation of two new areas in the eastern side of the necropolis of Deir el-Bahari (tombs TT316, MMA519, MMA520, and E1) and the Asasif cemetery (TT103, TT366). The expedition continued with its work in the mortuary complexes of Henenu (TT313) and Ipi (TT315), initiated the study of the tombs at the eastern area, excavated the entrance and main corridor of a new tomb (E1) in this part of the necropolis, and studied the epigraphic and architectural issues in the tombs of Dagi (TT103) and Djari (TT366). The fourth season of the University of Alcalá Expedition to Deir el-Bahari1 was conducted from the last days of March to April 30th, 2018. After three years of work focusing mainly on cleaning, study, and restoration of the two monuments, the Ministry of State for Antiqui- ties2 granted us permission for excavation in the two Middle Kingdom complexes of the concession (TT313, TT315), and the expansion of the concession to the east in the same 1 The fourth season at Deir el-Bahari would have not been possible without the support of the University of Alcalá (UAH) and the financial aid from the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy, and Competitivity (MINECO) and its I+R funding HAR2017–84505-P, the Palarq Foundation (Barcelona), the Asociación Espa- ñola de Egiptología (AEDE), and the Asociación de Amigos de la UAH. 2 The members of the University of Alcalá Expedition to Deir el-Bahari would like to express their grati- tude to the authorities of the Ministry of State for Antiquities (MSA). Thanks are due to the Ministry of State for Antiquities, Khaled El-Enany, to the Head of Foreign Missions and Permanent Committee, Mohamed Ismail, the Director General of Antiquities for Upper Egypt, Hany Abou el-Azm, the Head of West Bank Inspectorate, Taalat Abd el-Aziz, and to the Chief Manager of the Middle Sector, Ezz el-Din Er-Noby. In addition, our grati- tude is also due to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, especially to Catherine Roehrig, Adela Op- penheim, and Dieter Arnold, for discussing future plans, questions, and goals of this project. The expedition members of the fourth season were Rawda Abd El-Hady, Kelly Accetta, Teresa Bardají, Manuel F. Carrillo, Flavio Celis, Carmen Díaz, Enrique Dorado, Ernesto Echeverría, Sebastian Falk, Carlos Gracia, Salima Ikram, Sofía Illana, Elisabeth Kruck, Miriam Luciañez, Óscar Martínez, Delaminet Meza, Patri- cia Mora, Antonio Morales, Jónatan Ortíz, Mohamed Osman, Raúl Sánchez, Dina Serova, Hazem Shared, Dan- iel Spinelli, Ahmed Tarek, Kei Yamamoto, and the MSA inspectors Ala Hussein El-Menshawy and Mohamed Muntaser, and the MSA conservation inspector Marwa Abd el-Hamid Dandarawy. In this season a group of ca. ninety local workers carried out the fieldwok activities under the supervision of the rais Ali Farouk el- Qeftawy. SAK 47 • © Helmut Buske Verlag 2018 • ISSN 0340-2215 184 A. J. Morales et al. SAK 47 area of the hills at Deir el-Bahari. In this area, the expedition team has initiated the study of the tomb of Neferhotep (TT316), the nearby tombs MMA519–520, and E1. In addition, the Ministry granted us permission to work in the tombs of two of the most important officials of the late Eleventh Dynasty, mainly the “head of the harem” Djari (TT366) and the visir Dagi (TT103). These two tombs have been surveyed in a general basis by the architects and conservators of the expedition, having prepared initial plans, 3D reconstructions, and a thorough examination of the actual conditions of the architecture, iconography, and epigra- phy. Therefore, the present preliminary report includes the details of the three archaeological teams working in the three sectors of our concession: central (TT313, TT315), eastern (TT316, MMA519–520, E1), and southern (TT103, TT366). 1. The mortuary complex of Henenu (TT313) The tomb of Henenu (TT313) is a large funerary complex, which includes a courtyard of over 110 meters long by circa 30 metres wide, and over sixteen excavated internal cham- bers communicated by shafts and corridors.3 1.1 Archaeology For archaeological excavation and organization purposes, the courtyard has been artificially divided into Upper (UC), Middle (MC), and Lower (LC) Courtyard areas. In the 2017 sea- son, we established a general geolocalised reference system for the whole site,4 which we utilized again this season to create a local grid system. The archaeological works of this season have focused on the excavation of the area at which the Upper Courtyard and the Middle Courtyard meet. 1.1.1 Courtyard During the first few days of excavation, fifteen squares were set out using this function: units UC-4B through UC-4F, MC-5B through MC-5F, and MC-6B through MC-6F (fig. 1). Due to both the limited time and the nature of archaeology, it was decided to excavate in a checkerboard style, which would provide a full profile north-south for the length of the excavation. 3 For previous work in TT313 by the Middle Kingdom Theban Project, see A. J. Morales et al., The Middle Kingdom Theban Project: Preliminary Report on the Freie Universität Berlin Mission to Deir el-Bahari, First and Second Seasons (2015–2016), in: SAK 45, 2016, 280–282; A. J. Morales et al., The Middle Kingdom The- ban Project: preliminary report on the University of Alcalá Expedition to Deir el-Bahari, third season (2017), in: SAK 46, 2017, 155–165. 4 For details on this see Morales et al., in: SAK 46, 2017, 156–158. SAK 47 • © Helmut Buske Verlag 2018 • ISSN 0340-2215 2018 The Middle Kingdom Theban Project: Fourth Season 185 Fig. 1: The plan of Henenu’s courtyard showing the areas excavated in 2017 (light grey) and 2018 (dark grey). Permanent reference points are shown as R1–R3 The work began in units UC-4C and UC-4E. It quickly became apparent that mud bricks were present just below the surface. In UC-4E, it was determined that two contexts, one of mud brick [1007] and one of medium-sized broken limestone rocks [1009], had been dis- turbed and mixed together at some point in the past. The mud bricks lay scattered and most- ly broken, mixed in places with context [1009] and in others with the sandy soil that com- prised the surface context. Toward the east edge of the unit, a thin layer of limestone powder and soil appeared on top of [1007] and [1009], which appeared to have been wetted and consolidated at some point in the past – perhaps because of human use and movement. This was designated as context [1008], and it was noted that it continued into unit UC-4F. As all three contexts appeared to continue east into UC-4F, and as the scattered nature of [1007] (mudbrick) and [1009] (limestone) may indicate a collapse of some nature, it was decided that in this case it would be prudent to open the next contiguous unit. Clearing the surface of UC-4F also revealed [1008], and beneath, more mixed mudbrick and limestone, which in this case was designated [1007+1009]. Once the full extent of the mudbrick and limestone surrounding the boulder in UC-4E was exposed, the units were photographed and photogrammetry was performed for future drawing of the pattern of scat- ter.