ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS FOR JOB SATISFACTION AND STAFF RETENTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BHARAT SUSAMACHAR SAMITI by Kuriakose Madathil Iype The goal of any organization is continuity and survival as that of any living species. Bharat Susamachar Samiti (BSS) is a charitable and philanthropic Christian organization rendering its service to the church and society. Staff attrition was one of the important issues BSS was facing in its growth and development. The purpose of this research was to understand the role of the organizational culture in Christian organizations for job satisfaction and staff retention with special reference to BSS. The basic premises of the research were based on two grounds. First all organizations possess a culture and a basic impulse to survive. The members of the organization are assimilated into a common culture, and thus the continuity of the organization is ensured. Second the individual who joins the Christian organizations come with their own motivations of call, commitment, vision, mission and culture. To unearth the facts, four research instruments including open and closed ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, one focus group and a pre-post intervention study were conducted. A total number of thirty-eight staff members in which eight former BSS staff and thirty current staff members participated. The findings of the research clearly pointed out that job dissatisfaction and cultural incongruence were the main causes for the problem. The job satisfaction and cultural congruence can be brought to the organization by catering to the physiological, psychological and spiritual needs of the staff members. Moreover, servant model leadership, based on participative and partnership oriented organizational culture, contribute to the job satisfaction and staff retention level in Christian organizations. The cultural congruence can be brought to the Christian organizations by shared leadership approach and relational leadership methodology that continues communication, counselling and mentoring of the staff members. DISSERTATION APPROVAL This is to certify that the dissertation entitled THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS FOR JOB SATISFACTION AND STAFF RETENTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BHARAT SUSAMACHAR SAMITI presented by Kuriakose Madathil Iype has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for the DOCTOR OF MINISTRY degree at Asbury Theological Seminary Dissertation Coach Date Director, Doctor of Ministry Program Date Dean of the Beeson Center Date THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATIONS FOR JOB SATISFACTION AND STAFF RETENTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BHARAT SUSAMACHAR SAMITI A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Asbury Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Kuriakose Madathil Iype May 2019 © 2019 Kuriakose Madathil Iype ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1 NATURE OF THE PROJECT .....................................................................1 Overview of the Chapter .........................................................................................1 Personal Introduction ..............................................................................................2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................4 Purpose of the Project ..............................................................................................7 Research Questions ..................................................................................................7 Research Question #1 ..................................................................................8 Research Question #2 ..................................................................................8 Research Question #3 ..................................................................................8 Research Question #4 ..................................................................................8 Rationale for the Project ..........................................................................................8 Definition of Key Terms .......................................................................................11 Organizational Culture ...............................................................................11 Staff Development ......................................................................................11 Delimitations .........................................................................................................12 Review of Relevant Literature ...............................................................................12 Research Methodology .........................................................................................19 Type of Research ......................................................................................19 Participants ................................................................................................20 Instrumentation .........................................................................................21 v Data Collection .........................................................................................22 Data Analysis ............................................................................................22 Generalizability .........................................................................................23 Project Overview ..................................................................................................23 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW FOR THE PROJECT .........................................25 Overview of the Chapter ........................................................................................25 Biblical Foundations ..............................................................................................25 Important Elements of the Organizational Concept in the Bible ...............27 Moses and the Organizational culture ........................................................28 Israel and the Alternative Organizational Culture ......................................34 Jesus and the Organizational Culture .........................................................37 The Uniqueness of the Organizational Culture of Jesus’ Disciples ...........40 Paul and Organizational Culture ................................................................47 Early Church and the Organizational Culture ............................................48 Meaning of Ekklesia in Paul .......................................................................52 Organizational Culture of Ekklesia ...........................................................57 Christ as the Head of Ekklesia ....................................................................63 Theological Foundations of Organization .............................................................66 Image of God and Organization of Human being ......................................67 Trinity as the Foundation of Organizational Culture .................................68 Historical and Socio-cultural Foundations of Organization in India: An Overview ...............................................................................................................70 Indus Civilization and Social Organizations ..............................................71 Indian Tradition and Organizational Theories ...........................................73 Indian Society and Organizational Culture ................................................78 vi Important Elements in the Concept of Organization .............................................80 Important Schools of Organization ............................................................82 Job Satisfaction and Motivation in Organizations .....................................93 Job Satisfaction and Commitment in Organizations ..................................95 Research Themes. ..................................................................................................96 Equality and Culture of Hierarchy .............................................................96 Intimacy and Culture of Competition .........................................................97 Submission and Culture of Collaboration ..................................................98 Mutual Deference and Culture of Adhocracy ..........................................100 Research Design Literature .................................................................................101 Summary of Literature ........................................................................................104 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR THE PROJECT ...........................106 Overview of the Chapter ......................................................................................106 Nature and Purpose of the Project .......................................................................106 Research Questions ..............................................................................................109 Research Question