ISSN 2432-8995 Tetsugaku International Journal of the Philosophical Association of Japan Volume 2 2018 Special Theme Philosophy and Translation The Philosophical Association of Japan The Philosophical Association of Japan PRESIDENT KATO Yasushi (Hitotsubashi University) CHIEF OF THE EDITORIAL COMITTEE ICHINOSE Masaki (Musashino University) Tetsugaku International Journal of the Philosophical Association of Japan EDITORIAL BOARD CHIEF EDITOR NOTOMI Noburu (University of Tokyo) DEPUTY CHIEF EDITORS Jeremiah ALBERG (International Christian University) BABA Tomokazu (University of Nagano) SAITO Naoko (Kyoto University) BOARD MEMBERS DEGUCHI Yasuo (Kyoto University) FUJITA Hisashi (Kyushu Sangyo University) MURAKAMI Yasuhiko (Osaka University) SAKAKIBARA Tetsuya (University of Tokyo) UEHARA Mayuko (Kyoto University) ASSISTANT EDITOR TSUDA Shiori (Hitotsubashi University) SPECIAL THANKS TO Beverly Curran (International Christian University), Andrea English (University of Edingburgh), Enrico Fongaro (Tohoku University), Naomi Hodgson (Liverpool Hope University), Leah Kalmanson (Drake University), Sandra Laugier (Paris 1st University Sorbonne), Áine Mahon (University College Dublin), Mathias Obert (National University of Kaohsiung), Rossen Roussev (University of Veliko Tarnovo), Joris Vlieghe (University of Aberdeen), Yeong-Houn Yi (Korean University), Emma Williams (University of Warwick) Tetsugaku International Journal of the Philosophical Association of Japan Volume 2, Special Theme: Philosophy and Translation April 2018 Edited and published by the Philosophical Association of Japan Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan © The Philosophical Association of Japan, 2018 ISSN 2432-8995 Table of Contents Philosophical Activities in Japan ........................................................... 6 NOTOMI Noburu Translations of Aristotle in Modern Japan ............................................................. 7 KANZAKI Shigeru Can We Translate Thinking? On the Translated Word “Koufuku” ..................... 9 NAKAHATA Masashi From Ousia to Jittai: A Problematic Translation ................................................. 29 Articles .................................................................................................................. 47 SUZUKI Makoto Is Act Utilitarianism Self-Effacing? The Rising Need of Utilitarian Awareness in Indirect Strategies ............................................................................................. 48 SATO Kunimasa An Interpersonal-Epistemic Account of Intellectual Autonomy: Questioning, Responsibility, and Vulnerability ......................................................................... 65 KOISHIKAWA Kazue Thinking and Transcendence: Arendt’s Critical Dialogue with Heidegger ......... 83 Special Theme: Philosophy and Translation .............................. 100 SAITO Naoko Preface ................................................................................................................ 101 I. Translation: Understanding Others ..................................................... 104 LEE SoYoung From Heidegger to Translation and the Address of the Other ...................... 105 ZHANG Ligeng The Covert “See” in Perception of Another Person’s Feeling ...................... 121 Paul Standish Language, Translation, and the Hegemony of English ................................. 134 II. Philosophy and Translation .................................................................. 148 Rossa Ó Muireartaigh Times of the Signs:Translation Proper as an Analogy for Modernity’s Semiosis ......................................................................................................... 149 Elena Nardelli Philosophie als Übersetzung. Heidegger übersetzt die Nikomachische Ethik ....................................................................................................................... 163 Sarah Hutton Translation and Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Some Considerations of the Impact of Translation on British Philosophy, with Particular Reference to Ralph Cudworth. ............................................................................................ 174 Caroline Wilson Are Footnotes Enough? The Challenges of Translating the Philosophy of Sexual Difference .......................................................................................... 191 III. Translation, East-West ......................................................................... 206 ONO Fumio Philosophy in the Age of Globalization, But in Which Language? Translation, or Loving the Experience of Enduring Pathos .............................................. 207 NAKAMURA Tomoe The Philosophical Scope for “Ri [理]” without “Ratio” ................................ 228 Karsten Kenklies (Self-)Transformation as Translation The Birth of the Individual from German Bildung and Japanese Kata .............................................................. 248 Kenn Nakata Steffesen Well-done Steak or Gyū Sashi? “Sacred Cows” and “Thickening” in Japanese-English Philosophical Translation ................................................. 263 TAN Christine The Equal Onto-Epistemology of the “Equal Discourse of Things” [齊物論 Qiwulun] Chapter: A Semantic Approach ................................................... 282 Anton Luis Sevilla Seito Shidō (Guidance) as a Space for Philosophy in Translation ................ 296 Editorial Statement ............................................................................................ 313 Call for papers for Tetsugaku Vol.3, 2019 Spring ..................................... 314 Tetsugaku International Journal of the Philosophical Association of Japan Volume 2, 2018 Philosophical Activities in Japan Translations of Aristotle in Modern Japan It was in the mid-nineteenth century that Western ideas and translations flooded the newly opened Japan and spread over East Asia. The earliest scholars of enlightenment, particularly Nishi Amane 西周 (1829–1897), clearly recognized the fundamental significance of Greek philosophy for the full understanding of Western Civilisation, and he translated a number of philosophical and other technical terms into Japanese — often by tracing back to their Greek or Latin origins — above all, tetsugaku 哲学 (philosophy).1 Thus, Ancient Greek Philosophy has played a crucial role in Modern Japan. However, it was not until Rafael von Koeber (1848–1923, born in Russia, studied in Germany) came to Japan to teach Western philosophy at Tokyo Imperial University 東京帝国大学 (1893–1914) that Japanese scholars translated the original Greek texts. While teaching German philosophy, he encouraged students to learn classical philosophy and literature in the original Greek and Latin languages. Kubo Masaru 久保勉 and Abe Jirō 阿部次郎, two loyal pupils of Koeber, translated Plato’s Apology of Socrates and Crito for the first time from the original Greek texts in 1921. However, during this period, most people still learned Greek philosophy through modern European translations. Although Plato’s works were all translated by Kimura Takatarō 木村鷹太郎 from Benjamin Jowett’s English translation in five volumes in 1903–1911, Aristotle started to be translated a little later. After Aoki Iwao 青木巌 translated the Politics from Greek into the title of Kokka-gaku 国家学 (Daiichi-Shobō 第一書房, 1937), the translation series of Aristotle’s works was planned and partly published from Kawade-shobō 河出書房. Shinrigaku: Seishin-ron 心理学：精神論 (De anima) was translated by Takahashi Chōtarō 高橋長太郎 in 1937, Nicomachean Ethics by Takada Saburō 高田三郎 in 1938, Shinrigaku, Shōronshū 心理学：小論集 (Parva naturalia) by Soejima Tamio 副島民雄 in 1939, Keizai-gaku 経済学 and Athenian Constitutions by Murakawa Kentarō 村川堅太郎 in 1939, and Topics by Yamauchi Tokuryū 山内得立 and Taga Zuishin 多賀瑞心 in 1944. It was in 1968–73 that the first Complete Works of Aristotle アリストテレ ス全集 were edited by Ide Takashi 出隆 and Yamamoto Mitsuo 山本光雄 and published in 17 volumes from Iwanami-shoten 岩波書店. They are now being replaced by The New Complete Works of Aristotle in 20 volumes, edited by 1 For an introduction to the word tetsugaku, see Kanayama Yasuhira’s article “The Birth of Philosophy as 哲學 (Tetsugaku) in Japan”, in Tetsugaku Vol. 1 (2017), 169–183. 7 Tetsugaku, Vol.2, 2018 © The Philosophical Association of Japan Uchiyama Katsutoshi 内山勝利, Kanzaki Shigeru 神崎繁 and Nakahata Masashi 中畑正志 from 2013. Besides the two Complete Works, several works of Aristotle were translated in different forms. For example, the Nicomachean Ethics has five editions: Takada Saburō (revised in Iwanami Bunko 岩波文庫 in 1971) and Katō Shinrō 加藤信朗 in the Complete Works in 1973, Park Il-Gong 朴一功 in Western Classics Series 西 洋古典叢書 of Kyoto University Press in 2002, Kanzaki Shigeru in the New Complete Works, and Watanabe Kunio 渡辺邦夫 and Tachibana Kōji 立花幸司 in Kōbunsha Koten-shinyaku-bunko 光文社古典新訳文庫 in 2015–2016. The following articles are written by the leading scholars of Aristotelian studies in Japan. They discuss the philosophical problems in translating Aristotle for the New Complete Works of Aristotle. NOTOMI Noburu 8 Philosophical Activities in Japan Can We Translate Thinking? On the Translated Word “Koufuku”1 KANZAKI Shigeru✝ 神崎繁 (Translated by NOTOMI Noburu 納富信留) Translator’s Introduction: This article was originally written in Japanese and published in Transcending Philosophy: In Search of a System and Method (越境す る哲学 ― 体系と方法を求めて), edited by Murakami Katsuzō 村上勝三 (Shunpū-sha