Moving California Forward: Zero and Low-Emission Goods Movement Pathways A Report to the California Cleaner Freight Coalition Prepared by Gladstein, Neandross and Associates November 2013 Moving California Forward: Zero and Low-Emission Goods Movement Pathways November 2013 Acknowledgements This report was researched, written, and produced by Gladstein, Neandross & Associates (GNA), an environmental consulting firm with offices in Santa Monica, California and New York City. The primary authors of this report include: o Rich Kassel, Senior Vice President-East Coast Operations o Patrick Couch, Project Director o Mark Conolly, Senior Associate o Alex Hammer-Barulich, Associate The opinions expressed herein are those of GNA and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the California Cleaner Freight Coalition or its member organizations. No part of this work shall be used or reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, without first receiving the express written permission of the California Cleaner Freight Coalition and GNA. Gladstein, Neandross & Associates 2525 Ocean Park Boulevard, Suite 200 Santa Monica, CA 90405 T: (310) 314-1934 1270 Broadway, Suite 1009 New York, NY 10001 T: (646) 783-4090 www.gladstein.org For further information, please contact Rich Kassel at [email protected] or (646) 783-4090. 2 Moving California Forward: Zero and Low-Emission Goods Movement Pathways November 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction and Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7 Part One – Local Freight Movements/Near-Dock Drayage .................................................................. 11 Battery Electric Drayage Trucks ................................................................................................................................. 12 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 12 Who is developing this technology and where? .............................................................................................. 12 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 13 Fuel Cell Hybrid Drayage Trucks................................................................................................................................ 14 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 14 Who is developing this technology and where? .............................................................................................. 14 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 14 Catenary Hybrid Drayage Trucks ............................................................................................................................... 15 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 15 Who is developing this technology and where? .............................................................................................. 15 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 16 Plug-in Hybrid Drayage Trucks .................................................................................................................................. 17 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 17 Who is developing this technology and where? .............................................................................................. 17 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 18 Fixed Guideway Systems (Freight Shuttle and Maglev) ................................................................................... 18 The technologies in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................ 18 Who is developing this technology and where? .............................................................................................. 19 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 20 Summary of Freight Pathway Comparisons for Local Freight/Near-Dock Drayage ............................ 22 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 25 On-dock and Near-dock Rail ........................................................................................................................................ 26 The technologies in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................ 26 Who’s involved and where? ..................................................................................................................................... 26 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 27 Freight Pathway Emissions ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Part Two – Regional Strategies ...................................................................................................................... 33 3 Moving California Forward: Zero and Low-Emission Goods Movement Pathways November 2013 Electrified Rail .................................................................................................................................................................... 33 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 33 Who is developing this technology in California? .......................................................................................... 34 Where is it happening outside of California? ................................................................................................... 35 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 36 Freight Pathway Emissions ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Short Sea Shipping ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 42 Who is developing it and where? .......................................................................................................................... 43 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 43 Freight Pathway Emissions ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Trailer/Container on Flat Car and Rolling Highways ........................................................................................ 50 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 50 Who’s involved and where? ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 51 Freight Pathway Emissions ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Part Three – Statewide Strategies ................................................................................................................ 57 Logistics and Efficiency improvements ................................................................................................................... 57 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 57 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 58 Virtual Container Yards .................................................................................................................................................. 59 The technology in a nutshell ................................................................................................................................... 59 Summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges: ...................................................... 61