Exercise 1A: Writing the Hebrew Square Script Using the examples at the right, practice writing out the Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you. Be sure to accurately reflect the position of the letter in relation to the base line. Boxes are used to indicate final forms. Letter Name aleph א aleph bet ב bet gimel ג gimel dalet ד dalet heh ה heh vav ו vav zayin ז zayin .het ח ḥet tet ט tet yod י kaph כ yod ך kaph final kaph lamed ל mem מ lamed ם mem 3 Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script final mem Letter Name nun נ ן nun final nun samek ס samek ayin ע pe פ ayin ף pe final pe tsade צ ץ tsade final tsade qoph ק qoph resh ר resh שׂ sin sin shin ׁש shin tav ת tav NAme: __________________________________________________ Exercise 1A: Writing tHe Hebrew SquAre Script 4 Exercise 1B: Reading Proper Names In this exercise you will practice identifying the Hebrew consonants by reading familiar proper names. Write the English name in the space to the left of the Hebrew name. Since the alphabet has no vowels, you will have to provide vowel sounds to recognize each word. Start by trying an “a” vowel between each con- sonant. The “a” vowel is the most common vowel in Hebrew and, while it will not always be the correct one, it should help you recognize these names. לבן Laban יעקב אסתר אברהם עבדיה יצחק יחזקאל יׂשראל דוד רבקה נחמיה נבכדנאזר ירבעם ירדן מרדכי מׁשה דברה גלית יׁשמעאל עׂשו 5 Exercise 1B: ReAding Proper NAmes Exercise 1C: Hebrew Cursive (Optional) Using the examples shown, practice writing out the cursive Hebrew characters on the lines provided for you. Be sure to accurately reflect the position of the letter in relation to the base line. Boxes are used to indicate final forms. Letter Name aleph א aleph bet ב bet gimel ג gimel dalet ד dalet heh ה heh vav ו vav zayin ז zayin .het ח tet ט ḥet tet yod י kaph כ yod ך kaph final kaph lamed ל lamed 7 Exercise 1C: Hebrew Cursive (OptionAl) mem מ ם mem final mem nun נ ן nun final nun samek ס samek ayin ע pe פ ayin ף pe final pe tsade צ ץ tsade final tsade qoph ק qoph resh ר resh שׂ sin sin shin ׁש shin tav ת tav NAme: _______________________________________ Exercise 1C: Hebrew Cursive (OptionAl) 8 Exercise 2: Vowel Identification In this exercise you will practice identifying each vowel, shewa, and dot in a given word. Each vowel is treated in its own line, although you should also note any “dots” within a consonant. It is your task to identify three pieces of information: 1. VOWEL NAME: What is the name of the vowel or shewa? Be sure to distinguish between silent shewa, vocal shewa, and composite shewa. 2. VOWEL SOUND: What sound do you hear? Identify both length (vowels: long or short, shewa: abrupt sound or no sound) and class (a, e, i, o, u). Since long /ā/ and short /o/ look the same, for .this exercise you should assume that ָ marks a long /ā/ unless you are specifically told otherwise 3. DOT: Does the consonant have a dot? If so, is it dagesh lene (BeGaD KePhaT dot), dagesh forte (doubling dot), or mappiq (H-dot)? VOWEL NAME VOWEL SOUND DOT dagesh lene 1a vocal shewa abrupt sound (bgdkpt) דְ בִ י ר hireq. yod long i דְ בִ י ר 1b patah. short a מַ אֲ כָ ל 2a composite shewa abrupt a מַ אֲ כָ ל 2b qamets long a מַ אֲ כָ ל 2c short o מָ תְ ֫ ַ נ ִ י ם 3a מָ תְ נַ֫ יִ ם 3b מָ תְ נַ֫ יִ ם 3c מָ תְ ֫ ַ נ יִ ם 3d תְ בּואָ ה 4a תְ בּו אָ ה 4b ב תְ ּו אָ ה 4c 9 Exercise 2: Vowel IdentificAtion VOWEL NAME VOWEL SOUND DOT ֹ֫א כֶ ל 5a ֹ֫א כֶ ל 5b תוֹלֵ דוֹת 6a תוֹ לֵ דוֹת 6b תוֹלֵ דוֹת 6c ֫עֵ בֶ ר 7a ֫עֵ בֶ ר 7b טֻ מְ אָ ה 8a טֻ מְ אָ ה 8b טֻ מְ אָ ה 8c אַ צ רְ ָ ּה 9a אַ רְ צָ ּה 9b אַ רְ צָ ּה 9c רּוץ 10 כְ לִ מָ ה 11a כְ לִ מָ ה 11b כְ לִ מָ ה 11c Exercise 2: Vowel IdentificAtion 10 VOWEL NAME VOWEL SOUND DOT אֱ ֹלהִ ים 12a אֱלֹ הִ י ם 12b אֱ ל ֹ הִ י ם 12c יַ לְ דָ ה 13a יַ לְ דָ ה 13b יַ לְ דָ ה 13c יֶ חֱ ַ ז ק 14a יֶ חֱ זַ ק 14b ֶ י חֱ זַ ק 14c גִ ּלּולִ ים 15a גִ ּלּו לִ י ם 15b גִּל ּו לִ י ם 15c ֹ֫ ג בַ ּה 16a ֹ֫ ג בַ ּה 16b מַ טֶ ה 17a מַ טֶ ה 17b 11 Exercise 2: Vowel IdentificAtion VOWEL NAME VOWEL SOUND DOT short o מָ עֳ מָ ד 18a מָ עֳ מָ ד 18b מָ עֳ מָ ד 18c NAme: _______________________________________ Exercise 2: Vowel IdentificAtion 12 Exercise 3A: Syllable Division Practice dividing the following words into syllables and pronouncing them. Remember that the accent in a Hebrew word usually falls on the last syllable of the word. If the accent is not on the last syllable, the symbol < will appear above the accented syllable. When you encounter a dagesh forte (doubling dot) in a word, use a strike- through (as in the advanced examples below) to remind you that the letter is doubled and that one consonant closes the preceding syllable while the second consonant opens the next syllable. דָ | בָ ר :EXAMPLES ָ י מִ י ם יְ רּו ָ ׁשלַ֫ יִ ם דְ ָ ב רִ י ם נְ בֵ לָ ה מִ דְ בָ ר ּו מֵ אֶ֫ רֶ ץ מִ לְ חָ מָ ה ִ י ׁשְ ב כְ ּו ֻ ׁשלְחֲנוֹתֵיהֶ ם לְ ָ ׁשלֹום וִיהּודָ ה ָ ׁש ֫מַ רְ תִ י בִ ְ ג דֵ י ִ י כְ תָ ב ־ ָ ׁשם בָ קָ ר 13 Exercise 3A: SyllAble Division ADVANCED הַ דִ מ| יֹון פָ עֳ | לֹו יְ | בָ ֽ | רְ | כּו :EXAMPLES with meteg composite shewa with dagesh forte for silent shewa הַטְהוֹרָ ה חֻ קֹתֵ֫ ינּו חָ ֽ ְ כ מָ ה הַ ֫ ֶ כ רֶ ם ׁשַ ח בְ ּו יַ עֲ בֹ ד יִכְבַד ֶ נ אֱ מָ ן וַ ֫ ָ י מָ ת ֽ ט קָ ל ְ ּו צַ דִ י קִ י ם הָ אִ שָ ה NAme: _______________________________________ Exercise 3A: SyllAble Division 14 Exercise 4B: The Conjunction Memorize the principles related to the vocalization of the conjunction in table 4.3 of the grammar (see page 56). Then add the conjunction to each of these words. Use an arrow to indicate where the addition of a con- junction requires the removal of a dagesh lene. וְ ָ ׁשלֹום ”peace“ וְ דָ בָ ר ”EXAMPLES: “word ָ ׁשלַ ח ”he sent“ אֱ מֶ ת ”truth“ מָ צָ א ”he found“ י אִ ׁש ”man“ ֫כֶ סֶ ף ”silver“ חֲ לֹום ”dream“ חֳ לִ י ”sickness“ מְ קֹומֹות ”places“ בֵ ן ”son“ ׁשְמּואֵ ל ”Samuel“ קֹול ”voice“ אֲ ָנ ִ ׁשי ם ”men“ ADVANCED PRACTICE Further practice is available on the back of this page. We encourage students to become familiar with all the ways a conjunction attaches. It is up to the individual instructor to decide what level of memorization is required. 23 Exercise 4B: THe Conjunction Add conjunction Apply secondary adjustment → יְ רּו ָ ׁשלַ֫ יִ ם ”Jerusalem“ → אֱֹלהִ ים ”God“ → אֲ ד ֹ ָ נ י ”Lord“ Also applies to → יְ ה וָ ה Divine Name Use the conjunction to connect the following two words: “formless and תֹ֫ הּו ב֫ ֹהּו ”void NAme: _______________________________________ Exercise 4B: THe Conjunction 24 Exercise 5: Adding Gender and Number Endings Desired Phrase Historic form Add ending & syllabify Apply rules (& add prefixes) and great N D1 women ּוגְ דֹולֹות * גַ | דוֹ | לֹות *גַ דֹול (גָ דוֹל) the righteous woman ( צַ דִ י ק) and a wise woman ( חָ כָ ם) the judgments ( מִ ְ ׁשפָ ט) the elders ( ָ ז קֵ ן) and the prophetesses ( נָ בִ י א) 27 Exercise 5: Adding Gender And Number Endings ADVANCED PRACTICE Segolate Nouns (base = one- syllable singular & two- syllable plural)1 Desired Phrase Historic form Add ending & syllabify Apply rules (& add prefixes) the queen * מַ לְ כ ( מֶ ֫ לֶ ְך) (historic sg. base) and kings * מַ לַ כ ( מֶ ֫ לֶ ְך) (historic pl. base) 1. See LBH, pages 76-79. NAme: _______________________________________ Exercise 5: Adding Gender And Number Endings 28 Exercise 7: Vowel Changes with Construct Nouns INSTRUCTIONS Practice creating construct forms using the nouns and adjectives listed below. Attach the construct endings you have memorized to the historic form of the word and adjust the vowels according to the vowel rules. (See Exercise 5 Instructions: Adding Gender and Number Endings on page 25.) Remember that vowels in construct nouns adjust as if the accent is on the following word. Though construct nouns are not always marked with .in the exercises below to remind you of this shift in accent ־ ֫ the maqqeph (hyphen), use the symbol EXERCISE 7: CONSTRUCT NOUN ENDINGS Desired Phrase Historic form Add ending & syllabify Apply rules (& add prefixes) hands of ְי ֵדי־ ֫ * ַי | ֵדי־ ֫ *יַ ד (יָ ד) wise women of ( חָ כָ ם) wise woman of ( חָ כָ ם) judgments of ( מִ ְ ׁשפָ ט) hand of (יָ ד) 29 Exercise 7: Vowel Changes witH Construct Nouns ADVANCED PRACTICE Segolate Nouns (base = one- syllable singular & two- syllable plural)1 Desired Phrase Historic form Add ending & syllabify Apply rules (& add prefixes) queen of * מַ לְ כ ( מֶ ֫ לֶ ְך) (historic sg.