Study on RoHS and WEEE Directives N° 30-CE-0095296/00-09 Final report European Commission DG Enterprise and industry 06/11925/AL March 2008 ARCADIS European Commission Sarah Bogaert Mike Van Acoleyen DG Enterprise and Industry Inge Van Tomme Lieven De Smet RPA Dave Fleet Rocio Salado ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge funding of this study by the European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry. The comments made by DG ENT and DG ENV have been very useful during the drafting of this report. We would also like to thank the numerous individuals representing authorities, (sectoral or non- governmental) organisations and companies who dedicated time to active participation in the study. Our gratitude is also expressed to the participants to the Stakeholder Workshop of July 3, 2007 and those who helped preparing its practical organisation. The report does not necessarily represent the position and views of the European Commission. ARCADIS ECOLAS & RPA Content 06/11925 - a study on RoHS and WEEE directives - final report CONTENT CONTENT.................................................................................................................................... I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ IX LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................XIII LIST OF ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................XIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................I 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Goals................................................................................................................................ 2 2 SCOPING OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................3 2.1 Sector profile..................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Selection of Member States ................................................................................................ 6 2.2.1 Selection criteria................................................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 Implementation systems in the selected MS ......................................................................... 7 2.2.2.1 Global parameters........................................................................................................................ 7 Import and export of EEE........................................................................................................... 7 Prevailing waste management practices ...................................................................................... 7 2.2.2.2 Belgium .................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2.3 United Kingdom......................................................................................................................... 11 Approach................................................................................................................................ 11 Evaluation of first year’s enforcement activities .......................................................................... 13 2.2.2.4 Germany................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2.5 Ireland...................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2.6 Lithuania................................................................................................................................... 17 COMPONENT 1: STUDY OF THE ROHS DIRECTIVE ..................................................................21 3 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................23 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS ............................................................................25 4.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Selection of products........................................................................................................ 25 4.2.1 Selection criteria..............................................................................................................25 4.2.2 Product volumes of the selected products .......................................................................... 26 4.2.2.1 Refrigerators ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.2.2.2 PC and laptop, including spare parts............................................................................................28 4.2.2.3 Printers and copiers ................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.2.4 Cellphones ................................................................................................................................ 31 4.2.2.5 Television sets........................................................................................................................... 34 4.2.2.6 Clocks and watches.................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.2.7 Fluorescent lamps (straight and compact) .................................................................................... 42 4.2.2.8 Lawn mowers and gardening equipment ...................................................................................... 45 4.2.2.9 Video games and handheld video games...................................................................................... 48 4.2.2.10 Dispensers for hot and cold beverages......................................................................................... 50 4.2.2.11 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.3 Quantity of the hazardous substances in the selected products............................................ 53 4.3.1 Presences of RoHS substances in the selected product categories ........................................ 53 i ARCADIS ECOLAS & RPA Content 06/11925 - a study on RoHS and WEEE directives - final report 4.3.1.1 Lead ......................................................................................................................................... 53 4.3.1.2 Cadmium .................................................................................................................................. 54 4.3.1.3 Mercury .................................................................................................................................... 55 4.3.1.4 Cr(VI) ....................................................................................................................................... 55 4.3.1.5 Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ................................ 56 4.3.2 Estimation of quantities.................................................................................................... 56 4.3.2.1 Compare actual with past situation? ............................................................................................ 56 4.3.2.2 Absence of RoHS-directive and presence of WEEE directive?.......................................................... 57 4.3.2.3 Effectivity of RoHS Directive........................................................................................................ 57 4.3.2.4 Generalisation of the quantities of RoHS substances in the selected products .................................. 58 Methodology........................................................................................................................... 58 Results ................................................................................................................................... 60 4.4 Amounts of RoHS substances avoided in the selected products due to the implementation of the RoHS directive................................................................................................................. 64 4.4.1 Scenarios ........................................................................................................................ 64 4.4.1.1 Basic data ................................................................................................................................. 64 4.4.1.2 Average maximum benefits scenario 1......................................................................................... 65 4.4.1.3 Maximum benefits scenario 2...................................................................................................... 66 4.4.1.4