Final Record of Decision for Installation Restoration Site 28, Todd Shipyards Alameda Point Alameda, California September 2007 Prepared for: Base Realignment and Closure Program Management Office West San Diego, California Prepared under: Naval Facilities Engineering Command Contract Number N68711-03-D-5104 Contract Task Order 093 SULT.5104.0093.0004 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................... vii DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................ D-1 SITE NAME AND LOCATION.............................................................................................. D-1 STATEMENT OF BASIS AND PURPOSE ............................................................................... D-1 ASSESSMENT OF THE SITE ................................................................................................ D-2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED REMEDY: ACTIVE REMEDIATION FOR SOIL AND ACTIVE REMEDIATION FOR GROUNDWATER........................................................ D-3 STATUTORY DETERMINATIONS ........................................................................................ D-4 DATA CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST ................................................................................... D-5 1.0 SITE NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION ........................................................ 1-1 1.1 SITE NAME............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 SITE LOCATION..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 SITE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 SITE HISTORY AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES ............................................... 2-1 2.1 SITE HISTORY ....................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................. 2-3 2.2.1 CERCLA Investigation Activities ........................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 RCRA Investigation Activities ................................................................ 2-5 2.2.3 EBS Investigation Activities.................................................................... 2-5 2.2.4 Alameda Point Base-wide Groundwater Monitoring Program................ 2-6 3.0 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 RESTORATION ADVISORY BOARD......................................................................... 3-1 3.2 PUBLIC MAILINGS................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR SITE 28 ............................................................ 3-2 4.0 SCOPE AND ROLE OF OPERABLE UNIT AND RESPONSE ACTION................... 4-1 5.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS............................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 GEOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 HYDROGEOLOGY .................................................................................................. 5-2 5.3 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER ........... 5-2 Record of Decision for Site 28 i SULT.5104.0093.0004 Alameda Point TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 6.0 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL FUTURE SITE AND RESOURCE USES.................. 6-1 6.1 LAND USES ........................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 GROUNDWATER USES ........................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 SURFACE WATER USES......................................................................................... 6-4 7.0 SUMMARY OF SITE RISKS......................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH .................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Identification of COPCs........................................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Exposure Assessment............................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 Toxicity Assessment ................................................................................ 7-3 7.1.4 Risk Characterization............................................................................... 7-4 7.2 SCREENING-LEVEL ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH ......................... 7-6 7.3 POINT OF DEPARTURE ........................................................................................... 7-7 8.0 REMEDIAL ACTION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................ 8-1 9.0 DESCRIPTION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES..................................................... 9-1 9.1 REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR SOIL .................................................................... 9-2 9.1.1 Alternative S1 – No Action...................................................................... 9-2 9.1.2 Alternative S2 – ICs................................................................................. 9-2 9.1.3 Alternative S3 – Soil/Synthetic Membrane Cover with ICs.................... 9-2 9.1.4 Alternative S4a – Removal and Disposal of Soil to Achieve Unrestricted Site Use (0 to 6 feet bgs)..................................................... 9-3 9.1.5 Alternative S4b – Removal and Disposal of Soil to Achieve RAOs with ICs (0 to 2 feet bgs)............................................................... 9-3 9.1.6 Alternative S5 – Asphalt Cover with ICs ................................................ 9-3 9.1.7 Alternative S6 - Phytoremediation and ICs ............................................. 9-4 9.1.8 Alternative S7a – Ex-Situ Solidification/Stabilization of Excavated Soil (0 to 6 feet bgs) ............................................................... 9-4 9.1.9 Alternative S7b – Ex-Situ Solidification/Stabilization of Excavated Soil (0 to 2 feet bgs) ............................................................... 9-4 9.2 REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR GROUNDWATER .................................................. 9-5 9.2.1 Alternative GW1 – No Action ................................................................. 9-5 9.2.2 Alternative GW2 – Monitoring and ICs/Monitoring and ICs (Shoreline and Inland Areas) ................................................................... 9-5 9.2.3 Alternative GW3 – Monitoring and ICs/Soil Source Removal with Monitoring and ICs.................................................................................. 9-5 Record of Decision for Site 28 ii SULT.5104.0093.0004 Alameda Point TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 9.2.4 Alternative GW4 - Monitoring and ICs/Passive MIC Zone with Monitoring and ICs.................................................................................. 9-6 9.2.5 Alternative GW5 – Monitoring and ICs/Soil Source Removal and MIC with Monitoring and ICs ................................................................. 9-6 10.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES................................................. 10-1 10.1 COMPARISON OF SOIL ALTERNATIVES ................................................................ 10-1 10.1.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment................... 10-1 10.1.2 Compliance with ARARs ...................................................................... 10-2 10.1.3 Long-Term Effectiveness and Permanence ........................................... 10-2 10.1.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through Treatment .......... 10-2 10.1.5 Short-Term Effectiveness ...................................................................... 10-3 10.1.6 Implementability.................................................................................... 10-3 10.1.7 Cost ........................................................................................................ 10-3 10.1.8 State Acceptance.................................................................................... 10-4 10.1.9 Community Acceptance......................................................................... 10-4 10.2 COMPARISON OF GROUNDWATER ALTERNATIVES .............................................. 10-4 10.2.1 Overall Protection of Human Health and the Environment................... 10-4 10.2.2 Compliance with ARARs ...................................................................... 10-4 10.2.3 Long-Term Effectiveness and Permanence ........................................... 10-4 10.2.4 Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, or Volume through Treatment .......... 10-5 10.2.5 Short-Term Effectiveness ...................................................................... 10-5 10.2.6 Implementability.................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.7 Cost ........................................................................................................ 10-6 10.2.8 State Acceptance.................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.9 Community Acceptance......................................................................... 10-6 11.0 PRINCIPAL THREAT WASTE ..................................................................................