Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program Presented by: Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP Indiana University Monday, May 13, 2013 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern 12:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Central 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Mountain 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Pacific www.blr.com or www.hrhero.com For CD and other purchasing information, contact customer service at: 800-274-6774 or E-mail: [email protected] © 2013 BLR ® and HR Hero® —Business & Legal Resources and HR Hero. All rights reserved. These materials may not be reproduced in part or in whole by any process without written permission. This webinar qualifies for Continuance of Certification (COC) credit. CSPs will earn 0.075 COC points for attending this webinar. Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program Presented by: Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP May 13, 2013 INTRODUCTIONS • Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP • Indiana University Clinical Assistant Professor • [email protected] • Kentucky Occupational Health Program Which Industry Do You Work In? Manufacturing Transportation Warehouse and distribution Education Government Oil and gas Healthcare Loss control Biotech Chemical processing Does Your Job Function Involve Industrial Hygiene, Safety or Environmental ? Technician Development, Specialist implementation, Supervisor evaluation or policies, and programs Consultant Manager Determine Director effectiveness Corporate Learning Objectives 1. Describe ways to improve your EHS system 2. Identify major government agencies, regulations related to industrial hygiene 3. Discuss major occupational exposure limits 4. Identify methods to assess health related hazards 5. Describe methods and strategies to control industrial hygiene related hazards The Industrial Hygienist is concerned with the identification, evaluation, and control of environmental workplace stressors such as physical, chemical and biological hazards. • Industrial hygiene is both an art and science How Many Work Related Deaths Occurred in the U.S. (2012) A. 10,000 B. 3,000 C. 4,600 D. 1,500 • Source: BLS How Many Occupational Health related Deaths Occurred in the 2012? A. 3,000 B. 10,000 C. 7,000 D. 50,000 Under reporting Source: CDC Integrate Industrial Hygiene Into Your EHS System • Engineering • Quality • Data management • Product life cycle • Training • Compliance • Hazard tracking system • Management commitment Hazard Assessment Techniques • Job Hazard Analysis • Preliminary Hazard JHA Assessment PHA • Fault Tree Analysis • Management FTA Oversight Risk Tree • Energy trace barrier MORT analysis ETBA • Failure Mode Effect Analysis FMEA Accident Causation Operational Behavioral Cultural Product or Process Life Cycle (Slates, 2011) •. Concepts design Wear out Operational Closed Loop Hazard Tracking System (Slates, 2011) Hazard Identification Communicate Hazard to Employees Control Reevaluate Control Effectiveness Regulatory Agencies & Organizations 1. OSHA Act 1970 2. American Conference of governmental Industrial Hygienists 1968 3. OSHA promulgates and enforces regulations 4. NIOSH conducts research 5. OSHRC adjudicate and interprets regulations 6. General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1. Many OSHA standards were adopted from National Consensus Standards ANSI ACGIH NFPA Occupational Exposure limits OSHA permissible exposure limits PELs were adopted from ACGIH 1968 TLVs ACGIH TVLs and OSHA PELs are based on 8 hr day 40 hour week Short term exposure 15 minutes Ceiling level instantaneous exposure measurement Air Contaminates & Toxic Substances • 29 CFR 1910.1000 • Asbestos • Lead • Benzene • Carbon monoxide • Cadmium • Hexavalent chrome • Acetone • Formaldehyde 8 TWA Calculation Two hours exposure at 150 ppm Two hours exposure at 75 ppm Four hours exposure at 50 ppm Substituting this information in the formula, we have (2×150 + 2×75 + 4×50)÷8 = 81.25 ppm Since 81.25 ppm is less than 100 ppm, the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure is acceptable. Exposure Limits Considerations • Are OSHA exposure limits updated annually? • Will OSHA exposure limits protect 100% of the working population exposed? • ACGIH TLVs are updated annually • Exposure limits do not take into account the synergetic effects of the exposure to multiple chemicals Understanding human health • Why is it important to have a basic understanding of the various components of the human anatomy? • Usually the industrial hygienist is concerned with the evaluation of the problem from the heath perspective. Health Related Standards Noise and hearing conservation Process safety management Bloodborne pathogens Respiratory protection Laboratory safety Indoor air quality Personal protective equipment Ergonomics Confined space Flammable and combustible substances Types of Air Contaminates Fume Mists Vapor Dust Smoke gases Routes of entry What are the 3 major routes of employee exposure? 1. Inhalation 2. Absorption 3. Ingestion Globally Harmonized System Revision of the current hazard communication standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 Should improve comprehensibility and facilitate compliance Major Change in Approach Labeling provisions are the biggest difference between HCS and GHS Specific approach will require all labels to be modified to comply GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006 Safety Data Sheets HCS allows any order of information Consistent with industry approaches in ANSI and ISO Should improve comprehensibility and help with issues regarding accuracy of the information GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006 Hazard Warning Labels: HMIS & NFPA Dose Response Curve Health Effects Organs 1. Acute 1. The respiratory 2. Sub chronic system 3. Chronic 2. The skin 3. The ear Inhalation Health Hazards • Welding fumes • Lung disease • Asbestosis • Silicosis • Biological • Asbestosis •Benzene • Metal fume fever • Coal dust •Bronchitis • solvent vapors •Asthma • Formaldehyde • Emphysema • Carbon monoxide •Cancer • Lead • Arsenic Major section of the Lungs 1. Nasal pharyngeal 2. Bronchial 3. Pulmonary alveoli The Ear • Decibel • 90 dba PEL • 85 dba Action level Noise Evaluation Methods 1. Sound level meter 2. Dosimeter 3. Octave band analyzer Understanding radiation Radiation is a form of energy • All forms of radiation exist as a phenomenon known as electromagnetic spectrum • Please note that the shorter the wavelength the more ionizing the radiation becomes Radiation • Radiation is a means of propagating energy. • Type types • Ionizing radiation > 10 electron volts • Non ionization radiation • Lasers • Alpha •Beta •X rays Control • Distance • Shielding • Radio active decay (time) Bloodborne pathogens standard 1910.1030 1. Engineering controls 2. Work practices controls 3. PPE 4. Labeling requirements 5. Employee training and education 6. Needle stick prevention PPE 1910.132 General Requirements • Personal protective equipment PPE hazard assessment •Eyes •Face • Hand • PPE certification What is Meant by the Term Permeation Rate? Permeation rate is As a rule of thumb, the rate at which the the denser the chemical will move materials the lower through the material the dexterity. 15% of the population is allergic to latex Lab Hazards • Flammable and combustibles • Toxic and hazardous substances Heavy metals VOCs • Fire prevention • Explosions • Spill prevention • Fume hood capture velocities • Emergency action plan • Chemical storage • PPE • Compressed gas cylinders Chemical Hygiene Plan More than 500,000 workers are employed in laboratories in the U.S. The laboratory environment can be a hazardous place to work. Laboratory workers are exposed to numerous potential hazards including chemical, biological, physical and radioactive hazards, as well as musculoskeletal stresses. Personal Air Monitoring Carcinogens Mutagens Teratogens Chemical standards Do Quality Control Labs Have to Comply with the CHP? • Laboratories that conduct research and development and related analytical work are subject to the requirements of the Laboratory Standard What is a Laboratory • Laboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non- production basis What is a CHP • The CHP is a written program stating the policies, procedures and responsibilities that protect workers from the health hazards associated with the hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace 1910.1450 How often should employers review and evaluate the effectiveness of the CHP? Written Policies and Procedures 1. Use of containment devices such as fume hoods. 2. Procedures for removal of contaminated waste. 3. Decontamination procedures. 4. Spill prevention procedures Who Often Should Showers be Tested? • Although the term "routine" does not indicate a specific frequency, it does mean that the inspections should be performed at regular intervals which are determined by someone familiar with the equipment and the work environment. Respiratory protection 1910.134 • Types of respirators air purifying and air supplying • Major elements of a respiratory program Program administrator Initial monitoring Medical evaluation Respiratory selection Fit testing Care, maintenance and use Training Program evaluation Fume Hood Safety • A laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening. It is designed to capture, contain, and exhaust hazardous fumes generated inside its enclosure. •ANSI NFPA •ACGIH • ASHRAE Fume Hood Requirements A laboratory fume hood Inspection is a three-sided