Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program

Presented by:

Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP Indiana University

Monday, May 13, 2013 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern 12:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Central 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Mountain 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Pacific

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This webinar qualifies for Continuance of Certification (COC) credit. CSPs will earn 0.075 COC points for attending this webinar. Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program Presented by:

Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP

May 13, 2013

INTRODUCTIONS

• Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP • Indiana University Clinical Assistant Professor • [email protected]

• Kentucky Occupational Health Program Which Industry Do You Work In?

Manufacturing Transportation Warehouse and distribution Education Government Oil and gas Healthcare Loss control Biotech Chemical processing

Does Your Job Function Involve Industrial Hygiene, Safety or Environmental ?

Technician Development, Specialist implementation, Supervisor evaluation or policies, and programs Consultant Manager Determine Director effectiveness Corporate Learning Objectives

1. Describe ways to improve your EHS system 2. Identify major government agencies, regulations related to industrial hygiene 3. Discuss major occupational exposure limits 4. Identify methods to assess health related hazards 5. Describe methods and strategies to control industrial hygiene related hazards

The Industrial Hygienist is concerned with the identification, evaluation, and control of environmental workplace stressors such as physical, chemical and biological hazards.

• Industrial hygiene is both an art and science How Many Work Related Deaths Occurred in the U.S. (2012) A. 10,000 B. 3,000 C. 4,600 D. 1,500

• Source: BLS

How Many Occupational Health related Deaths Occurred in the 2012? A. 3,000 B. 10,000 C. 7,000 D. 50,000

Under reporting

Source: CDC Integrate Industrial Hygiene Into Your EHS System • Engineering • Quality • Data management • Product life cycle • Training • Compliance • Hazard tracking system • Management commitment

Hazard Assessment Techniques

• Job Hazard Analysis • Preliminary Hazard JHA Assessment PHA • Fault Tree Analysis • Management FTA Oversight Risk Tree • Energy trace barrier MORT analysis ETBA • Failure Mode Effect Analysis FMEA Accident Causation

Operational

Behavioral

Cultural

Product or Process Life Cycle (Slates, 2011) •. Concepts design

Wear out Operational Closed Loop Hazard Tracking

System (Slates, 2011)

Hazard Identification

Communicate Hazard to Employees Control

Reevaluate Control Effectiveness

Regulatory Agencies & Organizations 1. OSHA Act 1970 2. American Conference of governmental Industrial Hygienists 1968 3. OSHA promulgates and enforces regulations 4. NIOSH conducts research 5. OSHRC adjudicate and interprets regulations 6. General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1. Many OSHA standards were adopted from National Consensus Standards ANSI ACGIH NFPA

Occupational Exposure limits OSHA permissible exposure limits PELs were adopted from ACGIH 1968 TLVs

ACGIH TVLs and OSHA PELs are based on 8 hr day 40 hour week

Short term exposure 15 minutes

Ceiling level instantaneous exposure measurement Air Contaminates & Toxic Substances • 29 CFR 1910.1000 • Asbestos • Lead • Benzene • Carbon monoxide • Cadmium • Hexavalent chrome • Acetone • Formaldehyde

8 TWA Calculation Two hours exposure at 150 ppm Two hours exposure at 75 ppm Four hours exposure at 50 ppm Substituting this information in the formula, we have (2×150 + 2×75 + 4×50)÷8 = 81.25 ppm Since 81.25 ppm is less than 100 ppm, the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure is acceptable. Exposure Limits Considerations

• Are OSHA exposure limits updated annually? • Will OSHA exposure limits protect 100% of the working population exposed? • ACGIH TLVs are updated annually • Exposure limits do not take into account the synergetic effects of the exposure to multiple chemicals

Understanding human health

• Why is it important to have a basic understanding of the various components of the human anatomy?

• Usually the industrial hygienist is concerned with the evaluation of the problem from the heath perspective. Health Related Standards

Noise and hearing conservation Process safety management Bloodborne pathogens Respiratory protection Laboratory safety Indoor air quality Personal protective equipment Ergonomics Confined space Flammable and combustible substances

Types of Air Contaminates Fume Mists Vapor Dust Smoke gases Routes of entry What are the 3 major routes of employee exposure?

1. Inhalation 2. Absorption 3. Ingestion

Globally Harmonized System

Revision of the current hazard communication standard 29 CFR 1910.1200

Should improve comprehensibility and facilitate compliance Major Change in Approach

Labeling provisions are the biggest difference between HCS and GHS

Specific approach will require all labels to be modified to comply

GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006

Safety Data Sheets

HCS allows any order of information Consistent with industry approaches in ANSI and ISO Should improve comprehensibility and help with issues regarding accuracy of the information

GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006 Hazard Warning Labels: HMIS & NFPA

Dose Response Curve Health Effects Organs

1. Acute 1. The respiratory 2. Sub chronic system 3. Chronic 2. The skin 3. The ear

Inhalation Health Hazards • Welding fumes • Lung disease • Asbestosis • Silicosis • Biological • Asbestosis •Benzene • Metal fume fever • Coal dust •Bronchitis • solvent vapors •Asthma • Formaldehyde • Emphysema • Carbon monoxide •Cancer • Lead • Arsenic Major section of the Lungs

1. Nasal pharyngeal 2. Bronchial 3. Pulmonary alveoli

The Ear • Decibel • 90 dba PEL • 85 dba Action level Noise Evaluation Methods 1. Sound level meter 2. Dosimeter 3. Octave band analyzer

Understanding radiation Radiation is a form of energy • All forms of radiation exist as a phenomenon known as electromagnetic spectrum • Please note that the shorter the wavelength the more ionizing the radiation becomes Radiation • Radiation is a means of propagating energy. • Type types • Ionizing radiation > 10 electron volts • Non ionization radiation • Lasers • Alpha •Beta •X rays

Control • Distance • Shielding • Radio active decay (time) Bloodborne pathogens standard 1910.1030 1. Engineering controls 2. Work practices controls 3. PPE 4. Labeling requirements 5. Employee training and education 6. Needle stick prevention

PPE 1910.132 General Requirements • Personal protective equipment PPE hazard assessment •Eyes •Face • Hand • PPE certification What is Meant by the Term Permeation Rate? Permeation rate is As a rule of thumb, the rate at which the the denser the chemical will move materials the lower through the material the dexterity.

15% of the population is allergic to latex Lab Hazards • Flammable and combustibles • Toxic and hazardous substances Heavy metals VOCs • Fire prevention • Explosions • Spill prevention • Fume hood capture velocities • Emergency action plan • Chemical storage • PPE • Compressed gas cylinders

Chemical Hygiene Plan

More than 500,000 workers are employed in laboratories in the U.S. The laboratory environment can be a hazardous place to work.

Laboratory workers are exposed to numerous potential hazards including chemical, biological, physical and radioactive hazards, as well as musculoskeletal stresses. Personal Air Monitoring

Carcinogens Mutagens Teratogens Chemical standards

Do Quality Control Labs Have to Comply with the CHP?

• Laboratories that conduct research and development and related analytical work are subject to the requirements of the Laboratory Standard What is a Laboratory

• Laboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non- production basis

What is a CHP

• The CHP is a written program stating the policies, procedures and responsibilities that protect workers from the health hazards associated with the hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace 1910.1450 How often should employers review and evaluate the effectiveness of the CHP?

Written Policies and Procedures

1. Use of containment devices such as fume hoods. 2. Procedures for removal of contaminated waste. 3. Decontamination procedures. 4. Spill prevention procedures Who Often Should Showers be Tested?

• Although the term "routine" does not indicate a specific frequency, it does mean that the inspections should be performed at regular intervals which are determined by someone familiar with the equipment and the work environment.

Respiratory protection 1910.134 • Types of respirators air purifying and air supplying • Major elements of a respiratory program Program administrator Initial monitoring Medical evaluation Respiratory selection Fit testing Care, maintenance and use Training Program evaluation Fume Hood Safety

• A laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening. It is designed to capture, contain, and exhaust hazardous fumes generated inside its enclosure.

•ANSI NFPA •ACGIH • ASHRAE Fume Hood Requirements A laboratory fume hood Inspection is a three-sided enclosure with an Filters, negative pressure adjustable front opening. ASHRAE 110-1995 ANSI Z9.5-1992 Sect 5 It is designed to capture, contain, and Air velocity at the hood exhaust hazardous face must average 100 - fumes generated inside 120 linear feet per minute its enclosure.

Sampling Methodology • Chemical exposure limits • Chemical or substance health effects • Analytical methods • OSHA and NIOSH sampling methodologies Media Air sampling equipment Flow rates and volumes Air Sampling and Monitoring

3 Types of Sampling 1. Short term: hand held sampling pumps, direct reading instruments, and colorimetric tubes 2. Long term: personal sampling pumps, long term, tubes and filters 3. Passive samplers: indicator badges Short Term Sampling • Used to establish a short term or snap shot assessment of the level of air contamination at the time the sample was taken.

• Measures contamination levels only at the time and location they were taken and do no provide a comprehensive analysis of the true exposure risk for the overall environment.

Long Term Sampling • Continuous long term sampling can be conducted using portable battery operated sampling pumps.

• Sampling pumps draw air thru sampling media at a continuous rate for a set period of time that may be eight hours or more. Long Term Sampling

• Once the sampling is complete the collected sample can be examined under laboratory conditions.

• The laboratory will analyze the trapped material on the media and determine concentration and employee exposure can be calculated based on an 8 hour work shift.

Passive Sampling 3. Passive samplers: indicator badges are worn by employees in the work area. These badges, known as passive samplers, either change color on exposure to a particular substance or can be subsequently analyzed in a laboratory.

Accuracy + 25%

Diffusion Challenges & Recommendations What role does organizational safety culture play Nano technology Research funding sources Accountability Written protocols Document and conduct formal training Document and communicate near misses Do not relay on chemical manufactures recommendations. Make site specific requirements for the use of chemicals

Thank You! Thank you for participating in the Understanding Industrial Hygiene 101 Webinar.

Contact: Kevin Slates, Ed.D., CSP Assistant Professor [email protected] (812) 856-3766 References

• Requited text: Vincoli, W. Jeffery, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene, John Willey & Sons, Inc.: Toronto, 1995.

• http://www.iub.edu/~osh/index.html IU industrial hygiene laboratory. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

• www.osha.gov retrieved May 2012

• http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=61 Chemical Safety Board case study video retrieved June 12, 2012.

Questions Disclaimers

*This webinar is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information about the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. *This webinar provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship has been created. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. We recommend that you consult with qualified local counsel familiar with your specific situation before taking any action.

Speaker Biography

Kevin Slates

Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the department of Applied Health Science at Indiana University. He is also Director of the Industrial hygiene lab at the university. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses safety, industrial hygiene and environmental health. His research interests include program evaluation, EHS management systems, safety culture, health disparities and exposure assessment. Slates’ experience includes working for the Kentucky Occupational Safety Health Program and the Environmental Public Protection Cabinet as a manager, consultant and inspector. His dissertation examined safety performance metrics and government VPP partnership programs. Slates holds a B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from Eastern Kentucky University, a M.P.A, in Public Administration from Kentucky State University and Doctorate in Education from Spalding University. He is a Certified Safety Professional and authorized OSHA outreach general industry and construction trainer. He is also an active member of AIHA and ASSE.