MINISTRY OF HIGHWAYS, HIGHER EDUCATION AND INVESTMENT PROMOTION SFG1854 REV ROAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA), Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN FOR NATIONAL ROADS IN SRI LANKA [CONTRACT NO. WB/RSAP II/CS/33] Peliyagoda – Puttalam Road (A003) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT MARCH 2016 Consulting Engineers and Architects Associated 1 (Pvt.) Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................VIII CHAPTER 1..............................................................................................................................................................................1-1 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 1.1 OBJECTIVE AND COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................1-1 1.2 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................1-2 1.3 1.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT..................................................................................................................................1-3 1.4 1.4 NEED FOR THE PROJECT.................................................................................................................................... 1-11 1.5 1.5 TYPES OF ACTIVITIES ENVISAGED ON ROAD REHABILITATION, IMPROVEMENT AND UPGRADING............................. 1-11 1.6 1.6 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF THE WORLD BANK AND THE GOVERNMENT OF SRI LANKA... 1- 11 1.7 1.7 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECTS ......... 1-13 1.8 1.8 AREAS TO BE COVERED AND METHODOLOGY TO BE ADOPTED FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS ............. 1-14 1.9 1.9 DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR THE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT .......................................................................... 1-19 1.10 1.10 DETAILED METHODOLOGY FOR THE AIR QUALITY, WATER QUALITY AND NOISE IMPACTS................................. 1-20 1.11 1.11 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR THE HYDROLOGICAL STUDY ........................................................................... 1-21 1.12 1.12 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY................................................. 1-28 CHAPTER 2..............................................................................................................................................................................1-1 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 CLIMATE ..........................................................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY................................................................................................................2-6 2.3 SOILS AND GEOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.4 NATURAL DISASTERS...................................................................................................................................................... 2-18 2.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................................................................... 2-19 2.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT- AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, NOISE LEVELS, RECEIVING WATER QUALITY OF WATER BODIES ................................................................................................................................................................... 2-31 2.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................................... 2-38 2.8 LAND USE PATTERNS..................................................................................................................................................... 2-41 2.9 SOCIAL IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 2-45 2.10 CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-48 2.11 PLACES WITH ARCHAEOLOGICAL VALUE IN THE PROJECT AREA...................................................................................... 2-50 2.12 SENSITIVE LOCATIONS IN PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................................................... 2-50 CHAPTER 3..............................................................................................................................................................................2-1 3. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMEN TAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................3-1 3.1 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS...........................................................................................................3-1 3.2 PRE-CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ...................................................................................................................................3-3 3.3 DRAINAGE RELATED IMPACTS (BASELINE IMPACTS) ................................................................................................. 3-12 3.4 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ....................................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.5 HYDROLOGICAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATIONAL STAGE ..................................................................................... 3-16 CHAPTER 4..............................................................................................................................................................................3-1 4. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ..............................................................4-1 4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................................4-1 i 4.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE MITIGATION MEASURES...........................................................................................................4-5 4.3 MITIGATION OF AIR QUALITY IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................4-7 4.4 MITIGATION OF IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES..........................................................................................4-8 4.5 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING QUARRYING OPERATIONS........................................................................................4-9 4.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR DISPOSAL OF DEBRIS / CONSTRUCTION SPOIL.................................................................4-9 4.7 MITIGATION FOR NOISE AND VIBRATION................................................................................................................. 4-10 4.8 POST CONSTRUCTION STAGE MITIGATION MEASURES............................................................................................. 4-11 CHAPTER 5..............................................................................................................................................................................4-1 5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) ................................................................4-1 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) .........................................................................................................4-1 5.2 STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS TO BE COMPLIED WITH BY THE CONTRACTOR/SUB CONTRACTORS .................................. 4-25 During Road Construction and Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 4-25 Permits and Licenses required to be obtained by Contractors/Sub Contractors during Road Construction and Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-25 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMOP) ............................................................................................................. 4-26 CHAPTER 6........................................................................................................................................................................... 4-29 6. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS......................................................................................................................... 4-29 6.1 INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................. 4-29 6.2 MONITORING AND REPORTING ............................................................................................................................... 4-30 6.3 CAPACITY