Animal pollinated monocots Review: monocots vs. dicots http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week8/dicotmonocot.gif Review: monocots vs. dicots Angiosperms Basal angiosperms 1 cotyledon tricolpate pollen Monocot phylogeny (Graham et al. 2006) Monocot phylogeny Animal pollinated Wind pollinated Orchidaceae Cyperaceae Araceae Juncaceae Liliaceae Poaceae Iridaceae Araceae 109 genera; 2,830 species Mainly tropical Habit: Herbaceous Leaves: Often with reticulate veination Araceae spadix spathe Lysichiton americanus Monstera deliciosa Araceae Inflorescence: Fleshy spike (spadix), subtended by showy bract (spathe) Flowers: Unisexual (plants monoecious) Fruit type: berry Araceae Amorphophallus sp. Amorphophallus titanum Iridaceae 78 genera, 1,750 species Habit: Herbaceous, often with stem modifications Leaves: 2-ranked, equitant Iridaceae petaloid style 3 stamens Iris pseudacorus Olsynium douglasii Iridaceae Symmetry: bilateral or radial Perianth parts: 6 tepals Stamens: 3 Pistils: 1, compound (3 carpels) Ovary position: inferior Fruit type: capsule Orchidaceae 788 genera; 19,500 species Habit: Herbaceous, often epiphytic h"p://media+2.web.britannica.com/eb+media/50/5650+004+479D6282.jpg? Orchidaceae Modifications for drought resistance: -Pseudobulbs, store water and nutrients. -Thickened aerial roots strongly mycorrhizal (mutualism with fungi). -Aerial roots often covered with a velamen (specialized, spongy epidermis) that absorbs water from air. -Sunken stomata on leaves, allow CO2 in and O2 out, and little H2O out. -Thick waxy cuticle (waxy surface covering plant to prevent water loss). Adaptations to epiphytic lifestyle Orchidaceae column pollinia labellum Calypso bulbosa Corallorhiza maculata Orchidaceae Symmetry: bilateral Perianth parts: 3 sepals, 3 petals Stamens: 1 or 2, fused into column Pistils: h"p://weesc.com/LS_hybridisation.html 1, compound (3 carpels), style and stigma fused into column Ovary position: inferior Fruit type: capsule, with many tiny seeds “Liliaceae” Liliaceae sensu Cronquist are polyphyletic APG classifications split the traditional Liliaceae into over 15 different families “Liliaceae” 288 genera, 4,950 species Habit: Herbaceous, often with stem modifications “Liliaceae” http://www.wolffsapplehouse.com/spring_onionR.jpg Allium cepa Note: bulbs, adventitious roots, & http://wakawikiwiki.wikispaces.com/ sheathing leaves with parallel Allium sativum veins. “Liliaceae” 6 tepals 6 stamens Tulipa gesneriana “Liliaceae” Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 6 tepals Stamens: 6 Pistils: 1, compound (3 carpels) Ovary position: superior Fruit type: capsule or berry .