PROGRAM BOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIP (NUDC) Mercu Buana University, July 31-August 5, 2016 MINISTRY OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF LEARNING AND STUDENTS AFFAIRS 2016 Remark from the Director General of Learning and Students Affairs Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Dear debaters, I am delighted to extend my warmest welcome and to congratulate you all for participating in this very inspiring event. The National University Debating Championship (NUDC) has had a prestigious and successful history and, this year we are delighted to once again continue that tradition in Jakarta where people can taste the nicest blend of competitiveness in cultural attractions. In the past 8 years, the NUDC has enabled thousands of university students to get involved in a unique and rewarding competition. The NUDC 2016 comes within the efforts of The Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education to support and promote the art of debate and critical thinking and to build the foundations of this discipline in the Indonesian Education. The NUDC falls within the framework of our efforts to spread this skill and raise awareness amongst youth of its importance in the preparation of future generations and shaping future leaders based on the foundations of the Indonesian excellence. The Ministry constantly seeks to promote the art of debating and its important use as an educational tool to encourage students to utilize critical thinking, research and study, and refines their leadership and language skills. Repeating the championship for the ninth time is tangible evidence of its success in specifically targeting Indonesian students with the aim of raising the level of debating and encouraging National University Debating Championship i dialogue, freedom of expression and open discussion in Indonesia in particular and the world in general. I affirm that the wider goals of the NUDC are deepening the relations and ties in the areas of educational and students Affairs for participating varsities, presenting an opportunity to consolidate the bonds of friendship and closer links, which produces knowledge and opens the door for rich diversity. I assure you that our focus at the Ministry is primarily the provision of care for and interest in students, as they represent our hope in a bright future that meets people's aspirations for a decent life based on justice, equality and free debate which is encouraged within them through the critical thinking and healthy dialogue. We seek to raise Indonesians critical sense to become more aware of all the blessings granted to us and which allow us to exercise our right of opinion, understanding our differences and being able to live with this reality. Last, I would like to express my wish for the championship to be a resounding success and a new achievement added to the record of Indonesia’s achievements in the world of debate. I hope all participants will be back home carrying the debating spirit, appreciating its importance and determined to spread the message among their colleagues. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Jakarta, August 2016 Prof. Intan Ahmad, Ph.D National University Debating Championship ii Welcome Address from Rector of Mercu Buana University Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Firstly, we would like to express our gratitude that it is due to Allah SWT’s blessings that Mercu Buana University is ready to host the National Universities Debating Championship, from July 31st to August 5th, 2016. It is such an honour and pride for us to host this biggest annual debating championship. We highly appreciate the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, for trusting Mercu Buana University to run this important event. Now our main goal is to make this National University Debating Championship (NUDC) successful. In this special occasion, I would like to express my warm welcome to all participants. Welcome to Jakarta, a dynamic vibrant city, and the capital of the nation. More than a mere verbal or performance skill, the NUDC embodies the ideals of reasoned argument, tolerance for divergent points of view, and rigorous self-examination. This is the best way to gear up students’ critical thinking as well as to maintain democracy in accordance to the government’s goal. Therefore, I strongly believe that this competitive debate needs to take place consistently in the world of education to be the safeguard of the future generations. On behalf of Mercu Buana Univeristy, I would like to express my most gratitude and thanking the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education. Please accept our apology for all the inconvenience and shortcoming in organizing this event. National University Debating Championship iii A special thank goes to all parties involved. Although much work remains ahead of us, we have on our side strong collective desire to work together to make this event successful. To the beloved 112 Teams: with 224 Debaters and 112 N1 Adjudicators from 14 Kopertis Regions, by attending this event you are special and all are already winners. I wish you all the success in your competition. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Rector Dr. Arissetyanto Nugroho, MM National University Debating Championship iv Message from the Convenors Dear Debaters, On behalf of all those involved we wish you a very warm welcome to this year's NUDC. As the biggest and best competition of its kind in Indonesia (with over 1000 students participating in fourteen regional selections this year) we are sure that every one of its debates will be an enjoyable experience that will test and improve your debating skills. Debating is not simply about natural ability; it is about experience, preparation and practice. We hope this competition will help you achieve all of these things. Remember, there are valuable lessons to learn even in defeat, often from your competitors: after all, some of the best student speakers in Indonesia participate in this competition. Never be too critical of yourself after a debate; and instead enjoy the experience and remember to stay involved by attending later rounds even if you are no longer in the competition. Believing how hard your preparation for this national scale event, we appreciate how difficult and demanding the competition is. You are developing your rhetoric skills and increasing your knowledge of a broad range of important issues at the same time. We hope that this year NUDC gives you valuable skills on how to construct cases and helps develop your self-confidence in your debating ability. We have come to thank Mercu Buana University for energizing its squads to succeed this competition. We also would be very thankful to Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, and Mercu Buana University which organise the competition. The Ministry has long and impressive histories in the National University Debating Championship v approaches of empowerment and has, in recent years, showed strongest desire to develop quality of debaters in Indonesia. We wish all this year's entrants the best of luck. Happy Debating! Rachmat Nurcahyo, Dora Aruan Angelina, Nur Rifai Akhsan, Tiur Simanjuntak National University Debating Championship vi CONTENTS Remark from the Director General for Learning and Students Affairs ..... i Welcome Address from Rector of Mercu Buana University ........................ iii Message from the Convenors ...................................................................................... v CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ vii A. MERCU BUANA UNIVERSITY AT A GLANCE ................................................1 B. NUDC 2016 AT A GLANCE ....................................................................................6 C. RULE OF CONDUCT OF THE TOURNAMENT ...............................................7 D. FORMAT OF THE TOURNAMENT ......................................................................8 D.1. Overview of the Format ..............................................................................8 D.2. The Preliminary Rounds .............................................................................8 D.3. Selection of teams for the elimination rounds ..................................9 D.4. The Main Competition elimination rounds ..................................... 10 E. RUN DOWN ............................................................................................................... 10 F. COMMITTEE ................................................................................................................1 1. Streering Committee (SC) ..........................................................................1 2. Organizing Committee (OC) ......................................................................1 3. Executive Committee....................................................................................1 G. PARTICIPANTS ..........................................................................................................5 H. NICE PLACESTO VISIT IN JAKARTA .............................................................. 28 I. BRITISH PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM ............................................................ 14 Part 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 14 Part 2 Definitions ..................................................................................................