FINAL MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW VOLUME II—UTILITY SERVICES Report to the Alameda Local Agency Formation Commission Upper San Leandro Reservoir Photo Credit: Charles Webber, California Academy of Sciences © 2002 Prepared by Burr Consulting In association with CDM Braitman & Associates P&D Consultants Accepted on November 10, 2005 FINAL MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW VOLUME II—UTILITY SERVICES Report to the Alameda Local Agency Formation Commission Submitted to: Alameda LAFCo Lou Ann Texeira, Executive Officer 1221 Oak Street, Room 555 Oakland, CA 94612 (510) 271-5142 Submitted by: Burr Consulting Beverly Burr, Project Coordinator 612 N. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 8 Los Angeles, CA 90049 (310) 889-0077 In association with CDM Braitman & Associates P&D Consultants Accepted on November 10, 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................... X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 1 DETERMINATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 31 LAFCO OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 31 MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ORIGINS ................................................................................................................... 32 MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW LEGISLATION ............................................................................................................ 34 SPHERE OF INFLUENCE UPDATES ............................................................................................................................. 35 MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW PROCESS ................................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 2: AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 39 SERVICE PROVIDERS ................................................................................................................................................ 39 GROWTH AND POPULATION PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................................... 42 GROWTH STRATEGIES AND AREAS .......................................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 3: WATER SERVICES ........................................................................................................................ 54 PROVIDER OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 54 SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................... 63 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES ............................................................................................................ 71 SERVICE STANDARDS AND ADEQUACY ................................................................................................................... 82 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES...................................................................................................... 90 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 100 CHAPTER 4: WASTEWATER SERVICES ........................................................................................................ 117 SERVICE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 117 SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................. 125 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES .......................................................................................................... 129 SERVICE STANDARDS AND ADEQUACY ................................................................................................................. 137 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................................................... 142 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 149 CHAPTER 5: FLOOD CONTROL SERVICES .................................................................................................. 171 SERVICE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 171 SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................. 175 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES............................................................................................................ 178 SERVICE STANDARDS AND ADEQUACY ................................................................................................................. 181 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................................................................... 183 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 186 CHAPTER 6: STORMWATER SERVICES ........................................................................................................ 189 SERVICE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 189 SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................. 192 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES............................................................................................................ 194 SERVICE STANDARDS AND ADEQUACY ................................................................................................................. 196 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................................................................... 203 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 207 CHAPTER 7: SOLID WASTE SERVICES .......................................................................................................... 212 SERVICE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 212 i ALAMEDA LAFCO UTILITY MSR SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................. 214 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES .......................................................................................................... 216 SERVICE STANDARDS AND ADEQUACY ................................................................................................................. 219 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................................................... 221 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 226 CHAPTER 8: RESOURCE CONSERVATION SERVICES .............................................................................. 230 SERVICE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 230 SERVICE DEMAND ................................................................................................................................................. 231 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OR DEFICIENCIES .......................................................................................................... 232 FINANCING CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................................................... 233 POLICY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 234 CHAPTER 9: SPHERE OF INFLUENCE OPTIONS ......................................................................................... 240 ALAMEDA COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL AND WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT ..................................................... 241 ALAMEDA COUNTY RESOURCE CONSERVATION DISTRICT .................................................................................... 242 ALAMEDA COUNTY WATER DISTRICT