XRF Spectrometry X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Lodovico Lappetito Theremino System – XRFSpec_ENG- 26/02/2016– Page 1 Table of Contents XRF Spectrometry .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Theory ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 K-level and L-level emission lines in KeV ....................................................................................................... 6 Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Measurements Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 9 Spectrum of the XRF excitation source ....................................................................................................... 10 XRF spectrum of “light” materials such as wood ........................................................................................ 10 XRF spectrum of water ................................................................................................................................ 11 XRF Spectrometry of Chemical Elements ........................................................................................................ 12 Chromium (Z=24) ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Manganese (Z=25) (alkaline battery) .......................................................................................................... 13 Iron (Z=26) ................................................................................................................................................... 14 Cobalt (Z=27) ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Nickel (Z=28) ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Copper (Z=29) .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Zinc (Z=30) ................................................................................................................................................... 18 Gallium (Z=31) ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Germanium (Z=32)....................................................................................................................................... 20 Arsenic (Z=33) .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Selenium (Z=34) ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Bromine (Z=35) (Flame Retardant in PCB) ................................................................................................... 23 Krypton (Z=36) ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Rubidium (Z=37) .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Strontium (Z=38) (Strontium Aluminate) .................................................................................................... 26 Yttrium (Z=39) .............................................................................................................................................. 27 Zirconium (Z=40) .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Niobium (Z=41) ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Molybdenum (Z=42) .................................................................................................................................... 32 Technetium (Z=43) ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Ruthenium (Z=44) ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Rhodium (Z=45) ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Palladium (Z=46) .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Silver (Z=47) ................................................................................................................................................. 37 Theremino System – XRFSpec_ENG- 26/02/2016– Page 2 Cadmium (Z=48) .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Indium (Z=49) .............................................................................................................................................. 39 Tin (Z=50) (Soldering Alloy Tin + Lead) ........................................................................................................ 40 Antimony (Z=51) .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Tellurium (Z=52) .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Iodine (Z=53) ................................................................................................................................................ 43 Xenon (Z=54) ............................................................................................................................................... 44 Cesium (Z=55) .............................................................................................................................................. 45 Barium (Z=56) (Glass) .................................................................................................................................. 46 Lanthanum (Z=57) Cerium (Z=58) (Ferrocerium) ........................................................................................ 48 Praseodymium (Z=59).................................................................................................................................. 49 Neodymium (Z=60) ...................................................................................................................................... 50 Promethium (Z=61) ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Samarium (Z=62) ......................................................................................................................................... 51 Europium (Z=63) .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Gadolinium (Z=64) (X Ray Intensifying Screen) ........................................................................................... 53 Terbium (Z=65) ............................................................................................................................................ 55 Dysprosium (Z=66) ....................................................................................................................................... 56 Holmium (Z=67) ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Erbium (Z=68) .............................................................................................................................................. 58 Thulium (Z=69) ............................................................................................................................................. 59 Ytterbium (Z=70).......................................................................................................................................... 60 Lutetium (Z=71) ........................................................................................................................................... 61 Hafnium (Z=72) ............................................................................................................................................ 62 Tantalum (Z=73) .......................................................................................................................................... 63 Tungsten (Z=74) ........................................................................................................................................... 64 Rhenium (Z=75) ........................................................................................................................................... 65 Osmium (Z=76) ...........................................................................................................................................