Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation 7. GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development through Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper - 6 COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Yangon, June 2016 5. MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 6: Coastal Resources Management TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................... i 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 2. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 1 2.1. Basic principles for the National Action Plan for Agriculture ......................................................... 1 2.2. Coastal resources management ........................................................................................................ 1 2.3. Myanmar .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.4. Coastal regions of Myanmar ............................................................................................................ 3 2.5. Topography of the coastal regions of Myanmar ............................................................................... 3 2.6. Special economic zones in Myanmar ............................................................................................... 3 2.7. Dawei Special Economic Zone ........................................................................................................ 4 2.8. Thilawa Special Economic Zone ...................................................................................................... 5 2.9. Kyaukpyu Special Economic Zone .................................................................................................. 5 2.10. Sector history ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.11. Overall sector scope, status and performance ................................................................................ 6 2.12. Contribution to overall economy and livelihoods .......................................................................... 8 3. SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ......................................... 9 3.1. Integrated coastal management ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2. Coastal vulnerabilities .................................................................................................................... 11 3.3. Water resource management .......................................................................................................... 13 3.4. Water quality, water demand and supply ....................................................................................... 14 3.5. Waste management and sanitation ................................................................................................. 15 3.6. Integrating environmental management ......................................................................................... 18 3.7. Environmental education and awareness........................................................................................ 20 3.8. Management of information and knowledge .................................................................................. 21 3.9. Multilateral environmental agreements .......................................................................................... 23 3.10. Access to financial resources ....................................................................................................... 24 4. INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 25 4.1. Government institutions ................................................................................................................. 25 4.2. Research and education .................................................................................................................. 27 4.3. International non-governmental organizations (INGOs), bilateral aid agencies and international organizations ......................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4. Non-government organizations ...................................................................................................... 29 4.5. Regional bodies .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.6. Private sector .................................................................................................................................. 31 5. KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS TO SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ...................... 31 5.1. Coastal development – major sectors ............................................................................................. 31 5.2. Infrastructure development, industries, port and harbour development and transport sectors ....... 32 5.3. Mining sector ................................................................................................................................. 33 5.4. Hydropower and coal-fired power production sector ..................................................................... 33 5.5. Oil and gas sector ........................................................................................................................... 33 5.6. Tourism and recreational sector ..................................................................................................... 34 5.7. Coastal agriculture ......................................................................................................................... 34 5.8. Coastal livestock and farming ........................................................................................................ 35 5.9. Coastal forestry .............................................................................................................................. 36 5.10. Fishing and aquaculture industry ................................................................................................. 37 5.11. Community co-management ........................................................................................................ 39 5.12. High priority marine corridors ..................................................................................................... 39 5.13. Water quality ................................................................................................................................ 39 5.14. Natural hazards ............................................................................................................................. 40 5.15. Offshore resources........................................................................................................................ 41 5.16. Coastal issues ............................................................................................................................... 42 6. POVERTY AND SOCIAL INCLUSIVENESS .............................................................................. 42 7. RECOMMENDED AREAS OF INTERVENTION AND INVESTMENT ................................... 43 8. RELATION TO OTHER RURAL SECTORS ................................................................................ 43 8.1. Improving management of rural and coastal areas ......................................................................... 43 i MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 6: Coastal Resources Management 8.2. Rural development and enterprise .................................................................................................. 44 8.3. Other rural renaissance initiatives .................................................................................................. 44 8.4. Forestry .......................................................................................................................................... 45 8.5. Aquaculture .................................................................................................................................... 46 8.6. Diversification of agricultural activity ........................................................................................... 47 8.7. Coastal zone management .............................................................................................................. 47 8.8. Fishing ............................................................................................................................................ 48 8.9. Mariculture ..................................................................................................................................... 49 8.10. Marine/coastal mineral extraction ................................................................................................ 50 8.11. Coastal protection ......................................................................................................................... 50 8.12. Nature conservation in coastal areas ...........................................................................................