ASIST-Asia Pacific a programme for optimising sustainable employment in the construction and infrastructure sectors Houshold Survey Report of five selected Sekong Villages Internet Version 1 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) ........................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 IRAP in Sekong province ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Sekong Indigenous People’s Development Program (SIP-Dev).................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Base-line village level survey ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.5 Selection of pilot villages ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 In-depth household survey.................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Survey tools................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Sekong Province .................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Dakchung District....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.4 Kalum District ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.4 Sample representativeness.................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.5 Households representativeness of the village situation.................................................................................. 8 1.1.6 Village representativeness of the district situation ........................................................................................ 8 Socio-economic Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................10 2.1 General characteristics ........................................................................................................................................10 2.1.1 Sample household composition...................................................................................................................10 2.1.2 Settlement and migration............................................................................................................................13 2.1.3 Spoken dialects..........................................................................................................................................15 2.1.4 Household belongings................................................................................................................................16 2.2 Education ...........................................................................................................................................................17 2.3 Water .................................................................................................................................................................21 2.4 Health.................................................................................................................................................................23 2.5 Agriculture .........................................................................................................................................................27 2.5.1 Main crops produced..................................................................................................................................27 2.5.2 Main crops sold or bartered ........................................................................................................................28 2.5.3 Food consumption and rice self-sufficiency.................................................................................................29 2.5.4 Upland rice cultivation (Rai) ......................................................................................................................32 2.5.5 Lowland rice cultivation (Naa) ...................................................................................................................34 2.5.6 Cassava .....................................................................................................................................................36 2.5.7 Maize ........................................................................................................................................................37 2.5.8 Busiest cultivation period ...........................................................................................................................38 2.5.9 Help from others........................................................................................................................................39 2.5.10 Livestock...................................................................................................................................................40 2.6 Activities ............................................................................................................................................................44 2.6.1 Main sources of cash income......................................................................................................................44 2.6.2 Main non farm activities.............................................................................................................................46 2.6.3 Non farm produces sold or bartered ............................................................................................................47 2.7 Consumption ......................................................................................................................................................49 2.7.1 Basic product consumption.........................................................................................................................49 2.7.2 Medicine consumption ...............................................................................................................................50 2.8 Expenditures.......................................................................................................................................................50 2.9 Market................................................................................................................................................................52 2.10 Household problems .......................................................................................................................................53 2.11 Households’ perception of their situation.........................................................................................................55 Transport pattern ...........................................................................................................................................................58 3.1 Firewood ............................................................................................................................................................60 3.2 Building materials...............................................................................................................................................62 3.3 Water .................................................................................................................................................................63 3.4 Upland rice transport (Rai) ..................................................................................................................................64 3.5 Lowland rice transport (Naa) ...............................................................................................................................65 3.6 First and second main crops other than rice transport............................................................................................66 3.7 Transport pattern per annum................................................................................................................................67 3.7.1 Number of trips per annum.........................................................................................................................69 3.7.2 Time per annum.........................................................................................................................................70 3.7.3 Distance per annum....................................................................................................................................70