Reclaimed Water Facilities Manual The Purple Book Washington State Department of Ecology and the Washington State Department of Health Revised February 2019 Publication no. 15-10-024 Publication and Contact Information This report is available on the Department of Ecology’s website at https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1510024.html. For more information contact: Water Quality Program P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Phone: 360-407-6600 Washington State Department of Ecology - www.ecology.wa.gov o Headquarters, Olympia 360-407-6000 o Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue 425-649-7000 o Southwest Regional Office, Olympia 360-407-6300 o Central Regional Office, Union Gap 509- 575-2490 o Eastern Regional Office, Spokane 509-329-3400 Accommodation Requests: To request ADA accommodation including materials in a format for the visually impaired, call Ecology at 360-407-6600 or visit https://ecology.wa.gov/accessibility. People with impaired hearing may call Washington Relay Service at 711. People with speech disability may call TTY at 877-833-6341. Reclaimed Water Facilities Manual The Purple Book Water Quality Program Washington State Department of Ecology Olympia, Washington ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Initial draft provided by Jim McCauley, former ECOLOGY - WQP Coalition for Clean Water provided funding to contract with Gray & Osborne, Inc., Seattle, Washington, to provide additional drafting and technical support; Ken Alexander, P.E., Jay Swift, P.E., Chad Newton, P.E. Initial review and comments Ecology and Health: provided by: Douglas C. Howie, P.E., ECOLOGY – WQP LOTT Eleanor Ott, P.E., ECOLOGY – WQP King County Shawn McKone, P.E., ECOLOGY – WQP City of Olympia Spokane County Dainis Kleinbergs, P.E., ECOLOGY - WQP Jocelyn W. Jones, ECOLOGY - WQP Mary Shaleen-Hansen – ECOLOGY WQP Llyn Doremus, ECOLOGY – WQP Mamdouh El-Aarag, P.E., Department of Health Kathleen Emmett, ECOLOGY - WQP Alison Evans, ECOLOGY - WQP Guy Gregory, ECOLOGY - WRP Mark Henley, ECOLOGY - WQP Jennifer Holderman, ECOLOGY - WRP Nancy Kmet, ECOLOGY – WQP Denise Lahmann – Department of Health Dennis McDonald, ECOLOGY - WQP Vincent McGowan, ECOLOGY – WQP Lucy Peterschmidt, ECOLOGY - WQP Megan Rounds, ECOLOGY – WQP Keith Stoffel, ECOLOGY - WRP Diana Washington, ECOLOGY – WQP Ann Wessel, ECOLOGY - WRP Douglas Wood, ECOLOGY - WRP Greg Zentner, ECOLOGY - WQP Kenneth Ziebart, ECOLOGY – WQP Sanjay Barik, ECOLOGY - WQP Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of This Manual ....................................................................................1 1.2 Protection of Public Health ...............................................................................1 1.3 Overview of Reclaimed Water ..........................................................................2 2 Definitions ...........................................................................................................................5 2.1 Definitions (WAC 173-219-010) ......................................................................5 2.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms .........................................................................14 3 Regulatory Framework ...................................................................................................17 3.1 Reclaimed Water Rule ....................................................................................17 3.2 Reclaimed Water Permits ...............................................................................21 Wastewater discharge permits ........................................................................21 Water right permits .........................................................................................22 Reclaimed water permit ..................................................................................22 3.3 Agricultural Industrial Process Water and Industrial Reuse Water ................23 3.4 Multiple Regulatory Agency Review Process ................................................24 3.5 Water Rights Considerations ..........................................................................24 4 Water Rights ....................................................................................................................27 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................27 4.2 Applicant and Agency Responsibilities ..........................................................27 Applicant Responsibilities ...............................................................................28 Ecology Responsibilities .................................................................................28 4.3 Water Right Impairment .................................................................................29 4.4 Instream Flow Water Rights ...........................................................................30 4.5 Impairment Analysis .......................................................................................31 4.6 Completing an Impairment Analysis ..............................................................31 Impairment Action Plan ..................................................................................32 5 The Planning and Permitting Process ............................................................................33 5.1 Determination of Lead Agency .......................................................................34 5.2 Planning Process .............................................................................................34 5.2.1 Pre-planning Steps ..........................................................................................35 5.2.2 Pre-Planning Meeting .....................................................................................36 5.2.3 Planning Documents .......................................................................................37 5.2.4 Feasibility Analysis .........................................................................................39 5.2.5 Private Utility Capacity ..................................................................................45 5.2.6 Engineering Report .........................................................................................46 5.2.7 Plans, Specifications and Construction Documents .......................................57 5.2.8 Operation and Maintenance Manuals ............................................................61 5.2.9 Operator Certification ....................................................................................67 5.2.10 Use and Distribution Agreements ....................................................................69 5.2.11 Use Site Evaluation .........................................................................................71 5.3 Permitting Process Overview ..........................................................................71 5.4 Ecology Role ...................................................................................................74 Reclaimed Water Facilities Manual Page i 5.4.1 Agricultural Industrial Process Water Reuse Permits ....................................74 5.4.2 Industrial Process Water Reuse Permits ........................................................75 5.5 Department of Health Role .............................................................................76 Public Health Risk Consultation .....................................................................76 5.6 Public Role ......................................................................................................77 6 Treatment Performance, Monitoring, and Reliability .................................................79 6.1 Source Control and Pretreatment ....................................................................79 6.2 Technology-Based Treatment Requirements ..................................................79 6.3 Equivalent Treatment Processes .....................................................................82 6.4 Monitoring Conditions ....................................................................................83 Reclaimed Water Monitoring ..........................................................................83 6.5 Reliability Guidelines .....................................................................................85 7 Storage, Distribution, and Use ........................................................................................90 7.1 Operational Storage and Other Impoundments ...............................................90 7.2 Chlorine Residual ............................................................................................94 7.3 Discharges from Distribution System for Maintenance Purposes ..................95 7.4 Distribution System Construction Standards ..................................................95 7.5 Labeling Reclaimed Water Components ........................................................99 7.6 Cross-Connection Control ............................................................................101 of Contaminants ..................................................................................102 Reclaimed Water Facilities Manual Page ii 7.7 General Use Area Requirements ...................................................................119 7.8 Conveying Reclaimed Water in Surface Waters of the State .......................122 7.9 Facilities Producing both Class