SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE AT BAGDOL, LALITPUR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Bachelor of Architecture To the DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE CENTRAL CAMPUS, PULCHOWK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY BY Pusp Raj Bhatt 067/B.Arch./226 October 27, 2015 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation has not been previously accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. I state that this dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and understand that any reference to or quotation from my thesis will receive an acknowledgment. Pusp Raj Bhatt 067/B.Arch/226 Date: October 27, 2015 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE AT BAGDOL, LALITPUR” submitted by Mr. Pusp Raj Bhatt (067/B.Arch./226) has been examined and it has been declared successful for the partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor in Architecture. Prof. Suman Nandan Baidya Thesis Supervisor Date: October 27, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the thesis co-coordinator Prof. Mahesh Kumar Shrestha, and my supervisor Prof. Suman Nandan Bidya for all the guidance they have contributed, enabling me to successfully correspond to my thesis subject. Finally, I would also like to express my gratitude towards all concern authorities and individuals. ……………………….. Pusp Raj Bhatt 067/B.Arch/226 ABSTRACT If the customs, ideas and social behavior of a particular people group is a culture, Sudurpaschim is a sea of culture. A little described in the research papers till date and more left in the corners of Far Western hills to research for intellectuals is the reality about their culture. Modelled in the tangible forms is even less than that existed over centuries? An approach to discover the undiscovered culture to model into the architectural form with original value shall be the ultimate goal of my thesis. As the lagging in cultural discoveries results into the disappearance of its social, cultural, economic and religious faith however excellent it is as output after grinding into the competitive cultural grinders in open world. The strong and solid architectural expression must help in the sustainability of superb culture is into my belief and behavior. So, as to give a place that speaks itself about the people and their behavior by appealing the followers and well-wishers of particular Sudurpaschim culture to come and celebrate with a well-planned and designed architecture is the ultimate goal of my thesis of Bachelor in Architecture. A site to build, components of planning and research of relevant architecture of the place and out in the rest of world in cultural centers is to be done to meet up such goal. So, a site is to be chosen as a place where the sentimental values of site itself should make a sense. Site for a project is proposed in the Kathmandu Valley because to promote and reinforce the cultural value in a multi-culturally vibrant city as a capital city of Nepal. A need of a place to celebrate the festivals and to promote through exhibitions, museum spaces, documentary shows, traditional dances and language etc., will be fulfilled by this project. A cultural museum, exhibition spaces, seminar hall, food court, convention spaces and historical library shall be incorporated in the project to complete the thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE DECLARATION APPROVAL LETTER CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT CHPATER 1 Introduction 1-10 1.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………. ....... 1 1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………..………………..……...2 1.2 Definitions ….……….………………....……………………………..…………..3 1.3 Background History ……………………………...………….………….……..4 1.4 Project Brief……………………………………………………………...……..5 1.5 Project Justification………………………...………………………..……………6 1.6 Objectives and Validity ……………………………………...……………….…...7 1.7 Limitations ……………………………………………………………………….8 1.8 Methodology ……………………………………………………………………...9 1.9 Project Components ……………………………………………………………...10 CHPATER 2 Literature Review 11-49 2.0 Project Components Descriptions …………………..…………………..……12 2.1 Exhibition Space …………………………..……….……………..…………..13 2.2 Multipurpose Hall …………………………………………………………….32 2.3 Library………………………………………………………………………..39 2.4 Offices……………………………………….……….……………………….42 2.5 Language Classrooms…...………………...…………………………………..44 2.6 Temple ……………………………………………………………………….46 2.7 Shops ………………………………………………………………………….47 2.8 Parking ………………………………………………………………………..48 CHPATER 3 Case Studies 33-64 3.0 Case Studies ……………………….…………….…………………………….49 3.1 Proposed Case Studies and Research ……………………………...………….50 A. National Museum, Chhauni……………………..……..…………………….50 B. Nepal National Library……….…………………..…………………………..58 C. National Academy Hall, Kamaladi……………………..…………………….60 D. Russian Culture Centre …………………………………….………………..66 E. Joensuu Library, Finland……………………………………………………..72 F. Plassen Culture Centre ……………………………..………………………..73 G. Roberto Cantoral Culture Centre ……………………………………………77 CHPATER 4 Site Studies 79-85 4.1 Site Location and Introduction …………………….………………………….80 4.2 Site Information …………………...………………………….…...………….80 • SWOT Analysis……………………………….…..…………………….82 • Network ………………………………………………………………...83 • Bye-Laws ………………………………………………………………84 CHPATER 5 Program Formulation 86-88 5.1 Program Formulations …………………………….………………………….87 CHPATER 6 Design Development 89-94 6.1 The Project …………………………………….….…………………………. 90 6.2 The Concept …………………...……………………………...…....……. 90 6.3 The Component Functionality ………………………………………..…...93 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………..………………………………………… DRAWINGS ……………………..……………..………………………………….. ANNEX …………………………………………………………………………….. SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION Pusp Raj Bhatt (067/BAE/226) 1 SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Nepal has always been a sea of culture. Far-Western Culture is a different approach to define a socio-cultural-economic movability and sustainability over long period of time. Where, each and every community, ethnic groups and settlements have at least one unique characteristics reflecting their identity. It may be reflected differently in terms of Language, Clothing, Festivals, Rites and rituals, Religious belief, Dance, Architectural value, Economic status, social norms etc. developing a strong Cultural Heritage. The history, art, architecture and culture of a particular place give identity of that area. Since history is a window through which a viewer can take the glimpses of the past events, give ideas about the present condition and predict future outlook. Art and Architecture of particular place is greatly affected and directed by the climatic conditions, topography, socio-economic conditions, social belief and daily lifestyle of the people. Sudurpaschim (Far-Western Development Region) is one of the five Development Regions of Nepal. The Far Western Region covers 19,539 KM2 and comprises two zones, the Seti and Mahakali. It includes nine districts namely Baitadi, Bajhang, Bajura Dadeldhura, Darchula, Doti, Achham, Kailali and Kanchanpur. Only Kailali and Pusp Raj Bhatt (067/BAE/226) 2 SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE Kanchanpur is on the Tarai and other seven districts are on the hills and mountains. Doti, Dipayal is the regional capital of this development region. There is the existence of different culture and belief in different parts of Sudurpaschim, but many of them are very common and practiced together which binds them to each other very strongly. Such similar cultural values shall be accommodated in a single place for the people to exchange and refine the values, norms and findings. 1.2 DEFINITION The more comprehensive definition of culture was adopted at the World Conference on Cultural Policies (Mexico, 1982): 'Culture is the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or a social group. It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions and beliefs' Culture is categorized into two categories: 1.1 Tangible Culture or material Culture It is about sensing by touchable the things like Art, Architecture, Structures, Sculptures, Festivals, Dance, Costumes, Ornaments etc. 1.2 Intangible Culture or non-material Culture. It is about sensing by visualization, practicing and feeling like Social norms and values, Rules, Believes etc. Pusp Raj Bhatt (067/BAE/226) 3 SUDURPASCHIM CULTURE CENTRE 1.3 BACKGROUND HISTORY The Far-Western Culture came into practice and development practices from ancient times. As Khas entered into the present Nepal territory from western hills developing, segregating and reuniting from the cocasus mountains as Khas in the west. A combined cultural practiced came into the lives of people as a daily practice. Doti, Dipayal became the centre for the administrative capital of Doti Kingdom. Doti was an ancient kingdom of uttrakhand of India and Far Western Region of Nepal which was formed after disintegration of Katyuri kingdom of Uttarakhand and Far Western Region of Nepal during 13th century. Niranjan Malla Dev was the founder of Doti Kingdom around 13th century after a fall of Katyuris Kingdom. He was the son of Last Katyuris of united Katyuris kingdom. Kings of Doti were known as Raikas (also known as Rainka Maharaj). Later on Raikas, after overthrow Khas Malla of Karnali Zone, were able to form a