Central Dunedin Speed Restriction Health Impact Assessment Report 2010 Table of contents Page numbers Table of figures.............................................................................................3 Glossary .......................................................................................................4 Executive Summary.......................................................................................5 1. Introduction .......................................................................................10 1.1 Statement of proposal......................................................................10 1.2 Aim of HIA .......................................................................................10 1.3 Genesis of the project......................................................................10 1.4 HIA team..........................................................................................11 1.5 Reports contents .............................................................................11 2. Health Impact Assessment...............................................................12 2.1 What is Health Impact Assessment? ...............................................12 2.2 The determinants of health ..............................................................12 2.3 Why are we using the HIA tool? ......................................................12 2.4 How are we using the HIA tool? ......................................................13 3. Background .......................................................................................14 4. Community profile ............................................................................15 5. Discussion piece on traffic engineering .........................................19 5. 1 Fundamentals of traffic management ..............................................19 6. Screening and scoping.....................................................................20 6.1 Screening ........................................................................................20 6.2 Scoping............................................................................................20 6.3 Scope of the HIA .............................................................................20 6.3.1 Timeframe for the HIA process .............................................21 6.3.2 Aims and objectives of the HIA .............................................21 6.3.3 The identified determinants of health ....................................21 6.3.4 The population groups most affected....................................22 6.3.5 Budget ..................................................................................22 7. Summary of literature review ...........................................................23 7.1 How does traffic speed influence health and well-being? ................23 7.2 How does a 30km/h speed limit reduce the severity and number of crashes?...........................................................................................24 7.3 How does a 30km/h speed limit impact on physical activity?...........25 7.4 How does a 30km/h speed limit impact on social capital?...............26 8. Appraisal............................................................................................27 8.1 Appraisal workshop process............................................................27 8.2 Extra appraisal meetings .................................................................27 8.3 Overall findings of appraisal workshops and subsequent appraisal meetings...........................................................................................28 9. Recommendations ............................................................................29 9.1 Recommendation process...............................................................29 9.2 Set of recommendations..................................................................29 10. Evaluation ..........................................................................................32 10.1 Evaluation framework ....................................................................32 10.2 Conducting the evaluation..............................................................33 Appendices...................................................................................................34 Appendix 1. Screening questions and answers....................................34 Appendix 2. Community profile ............................................................36 Central Dunedin Speed Restriction HIA Report 1 Appendix 3. Scoping workshop ............................................................44 Appendix 4. Literature review...............................................................47 Appendix 5. Appraisal workshop ..........................................................67 Appendix 6. Extra appraisal workshops ...............................................71 Appendix 7. Extra appraisal workshop meeting notes..........................76 Central Dunedin Speed Restriction HIA Report 2 Table of figures Page numbers Figure 1. Geographical location of proposed 30 km/h zone.........................................6 Figure 2. Speed profile...............................................................................................16 Figure 3. Percentage of vehicles exceeding speed limit ............................................17 Figure 4. Percentage of vehicles exceeding speed limit - Moray to Dowling St.........18 Please note there are also attachments included with this document, they are; Attachment 1 Map of zone, illustrating schools, recreational areas etc Attachment 2 Pedestrian injuries in central city crash sites and injury type Attachment 3 HIA zone dwelling types Attachment 4 Meshblock population, census 2006 Attachment 5 Deprivation deciles illustrating inequalities within the area Attachment 6 Residence of students attending Kavanagh College, Otago Girls’, Otago Boys’, St Joseph’s Cathedral and St Hilda’s Collegiate by meshblock Attachment 7 Photo illustrating pollution on internal shop wall CAS Data Attachment 8a Road traffic accidents by road user age Attachment 8b Road traffic accidents by road user and time Attachment 8c Hourly time versus road user Attachment 8d Road Traffic accidents – by road user and day/night Central Dunedin Speed Restriction HIA Report 3 Glossary Appraisal Identifies the relevant determinants of health and uses specific workshops tools to identify potential health impacts. Barnes Dance A type of pedestrian crossing whereby all traffic stops and pedestrians are able to cross the intersection in any direction, including diagonally. Also known as a scramble crossing or diagonal crossing. Central City An integrated ‘place based’ strategy for the central city area, to Strategy identify an integrated package of actions that can be used to revitalise that centre economically and socially and improve connections and shared spaces. Determinants of Health is determined by a continuum of influences ranging from health age, sex and heredity factors, through to individual behaviours, and the social, cultural and economic contexts in which people live their lives. Health Impact A formal process which predicts the potential effects on health, Assessments and aims to mitigate and improve health outcomes by providing (HIA) evidence based recommendations. Modal shift Transition phase from one mode of transport to another. Scoping Highlights the key issues that need to be considered to define and shape the HIA. Social capital Refers to the connection within and between social groups. Social capital is a public good, calculated on the benefits to society that accrue through individuals being part of a network of mutual acquaintance and connection. Screening Initial selection process to assess a policy’s suitability for HIA. Central Dunedin Speed Restriction HIA Report 4 Executive Summary Background information This report presents the process and findings of a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) on a proposal by Dunedin City Council (DCC) to extend the 30km/hr speed limit zone within the central city. The work was initiated and co-funded by the DCC. The DCC led the HIA, in partnership with Public Health South (PHS) and with guidance from Impact Assessment Specialist, Martin Ward. Dunedin City is the second largest city in the South Island, with a population of 122,000. The city has a relatively static population although the University has had significant growth with tertiary student enrolments, nearly doubling over the last twenty years. Tertiary students make up nearly 20% of the Dunedin community with almost 80% of all Dunedin 20 to 24 year olds being tertiary students. The city has a smaller proportion of children than New Zealand’s national rate, yet similar to national demographics Dunedin’s population is ageing – a trend that is set to continue. Dunedin’s city centre retains a ‘main street’ format, with the main street being George Street. George Street forms a central spine along which shops and businesses are located, with overflow onto neighbouring streets. The city centre contains offices, residential and commercial accommodation, retail, restaurants, cafes and services such as the hospital and Police. On the perimeter of the core central city is several schools and childcare facilities. The area experiences high pedestrian and vehicle traffic movement. In addition many crashes occur within the city centre. Dunedin has a markedly high rate of traffic crash injury at 554.5