International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ORIGINAL: ENGLISH TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Erik Møse, presiding Judge Sergei Alekseevich Egorov Judge Dennis C. M. Byron Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 13 December 2005 THE PROSECUTOR v. Aloys SIMBA Case No. ICTR-01-76-T JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE Office of the Prosecutor: Richard Karegyesa Ignacio Tredici Didace Nyirinkwaya Counsel for the Defence Sadikou Ayo Alao Beth Lyons The Prosecution v. Aloys Simba, Case No. ICTR-2001-76-T TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1 1. The Tribunal and Its Jurisdiction..........................................................................1 2. Indictment ................................................................................................................1 3. Summary of Procedural History ............................................................................1 4. Overview of the Case...............................................................................................1 CHAPTER II: Factual Findings...........................................................................................3 1. Preliminary Matters ................................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................3 1.2 Notice.........................................................................................................................3 1.3 Alleged Witness Intimidation..................................................................................10 2. Aloys Simba ............................................................................................................14 3. Incitement of Kibeho Parish Massacre, 9 April 1994.........................................16 3.1 Indictment ................................................................................................................16 3.2 Evidence...................................................................................................................16 3.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................19 4. Massacre at Murambi Technical School, 21 April 1994 ....................................22 4.1 Indictment ................................................................................................................22 4.2 Evidence...................................................................................................................23 4.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................27 5. Massacre at Cyanika Parish, 21 April 1994 ........................................................31 5.1 Indictment ................................................................................................................31 5.2 Evidence...................................................................................................................31 5.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................33 6. Massacre at Kaduha Parish, 21 April 1994.........................................................35 6.1 Indictment ................................................................................................................35 6.2 Evidence...................................................................................................................36 6.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................40 7. Massacre in Ruhashya Commune, 29 April 1994...............................................45 7.1 Indictment ................................................................................................................45 7.2 Evidence...................................................................................................................45 7.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................49 Judgement and Sentence i 13 December 2005 The Prosecution v. Aloys Simba, Case No. ICTR-2001-76-T 8. Further Evidence of Common Criminal Purpose...............................................52 8.1 Distribution of Weapons, Rukondo Commune Office, March 1994 .......................52 8.1.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................52 8.1.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................52 8.1.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................53 8.2 Solicitation of Funds for Weapons, Rukondo Commune, March 1994...................54 8.2.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................54 8.2.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................54 8.2.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................56 8.3 Public Meeting, Nyamagabe Commune Office, 10 April 1994...............................57 8.3.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................57 8.3.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................57 8.3.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................59 8.4 Incitement in Nzega Trading Centre, Nyamagabe Commune, 10 April 1994.........59 8.4.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................59 8.4.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................60 8.4.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................60 8.5 Distribution of Weapons, Kinyamakara Commune Office, Mid-April 1994 ..........61 8.5.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................61 8.5.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................61 8.5.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................62 8.6 Meeting at CIPEP, 26 April 1994 ............................................................................63 8.6.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................63 8.6.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................63 8.6.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................65 8.7 Public Meeting, Ntyazo Commune, Butare Prefecture, 22 May 1994 ....................68 8.7.1 Indictment ........................................................................................................68 8.7.2 Evidence...........................................................................................................68 8.7.3 Deliberations ....................................................................................................70 9. Alibi.........................................................................................................................72 9.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................72 9.2 Kigali and Gitarama Town, 6 to 13 April ................................................................73 9.2.1 Evidence...........................................................................................................73 9.2.2 Deliberations ....................................................................................................80 Judgement and Sentence ii 13 December 2005 The Prosecution v. Aloys Simba, Case No. ICTR-2001-76-T 9.3 Gitarama and Gikongoro, 14 to 24 April .................................................................82 9.3.1 Evidence...........................................................................................................82 9.3.2 Deliberations ....................................................................................................87 CHAPTER III: LEGAL FINDINGS ...............................................................................90 1. Criminal Responsibility.........................................................................................90 1.1 Elements of Joint Criminal Enterprise.....................................................................90 1.2 Notice.......................................................................................................................91 1.3 Application...............................................................................................................93 2. Genocide .................................................................................................................96 3. Crimes against Humanity (Extermination) .........................................................98