‘Doing Something’ about Modern Slavery: Scenes of Responsibility, Practices of Hospitality A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Ph.D. in the Faculty of Humanities 2016 Andrew Slack School of Social Sciences Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. 2 Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Copyright Statement ....................................................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction(s) ................................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1 – Setting a scene ............................................................................................................ 23 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 23 ‘Metaphysical seduction’, ‘ontological diffidence’ and responsibility .................................. 25 Metaphysical seduction .......................................................................................................... 25 Why ‘scenes’? .......................................................................................................................... 26 Ethics and the desire for ontology ...................................................................................... 27 Ontological diffidence ........................................................................................................... 28 Senses of ‘scenes’ ....................................................................................................................... 29 Scenes do .................................................................................................................................. 30 Direction and selectivity ........................................................................................................ 30 Scenery ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Mise-en-scène – scene as aesthetic ........................................................................................... 32 Time in/of the scene ............................................................................................................. 33 2 Cast ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Audience .................................................................................................................................. 34 Understanding responsibility, learning hospitality ............................................................. 35 Performativity ......................................................................................................................... 36 Affect, Desire, Attachment, Enjoyment .................................................................................. 38 Scenes of Address, Face(s), En/Countering Responsibility ................................................ 46 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 2 – Setting the scene of neoabolitionism ..................................................................... 51 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 51 The neoabolitionist scene .......................................................................................................... 55 The need for meaning ................................................................................................................ 57 Characterizing slavery ................................................................................................................ 59 What slavery isn’t ........................................................................................................................ 64 Introductions ............................................................................................................................... 71 Slavery as anachronism .......................................................................................................... 71 Numbers .................................................................................................................................. 76 Stories ....................................................................................................................................... 85 Proposed solutions ..................................................................................................................... 95 Chapter 3 – Sex Scenes ................................................................................................................. 104 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 104 Characters and Tactics ............................................................................................................. 106 Prohibitionist-Neoabolitionists, Sex worker activists, and other non-abolitionists .... 106 3 ‘Prostituted women’ or ‘Sex workers’? .............................................................................. 106 ‘Pimps’, ‘Johns’ and ‘Traffickers’ ........................................................................................ 108 The Promise of ‘End Demand’ ......................................................................................... 109 Suspicious Statistics .................................................................................................................. 111 Age ......................................................................................................................................... 112 Sports events ......................................................................................................................... 114 100,000-300,000 ................................................................................................................... 117 Website Whac-A-Mole™ ......................................................................................................... 121 ‘The Problem’ ....................................................................................................................... 122 Craigslist ................................................................................................................................ 125 Backpage ................................................................................................................................ 132 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 137 Chapter 4 – (Not) For Sale .......................................................................................................... 140 The Not For Sale Campaign ................................................................................................... 140 Faith in business ........................................................................................................................ 140 Feeling the brand ...................................................................................................................... 146 Seductive orange stickers ......................................................................................................... 154 Going upstream ........................................................................................................................ 157 Women, sex and soup .............................................................................................................. 159 Consumer discipline ................................................................................................................. 164 Conforming with REBBL ....................................................................................................... 169 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 177 4 Chapter 5 – Time for a ‘victim-centred’ approach ................................................................... 180 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 180 ATCBA ....................................................................................................................................... 182 ATCBA’s ‘Victim-centred’