' ·J~EPOR.T.··.ON· ' 'THE' _FOREST RESOURCES ,'-,< - -.. • "_' : " OF ' . , . KALAHANDI ~ DlSTRICT" ',OF . - . ··ORISSA ·STATE !FOREST ~.U'tVEY · O~ INDIA · . .. CENTRAL ZONE, .. ' NAGPUR , ." . 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Paragraph No. Contents Page No. ----------------------------~------------------------- ---------------- 1 2 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Foreword Map of India showing Kalahandi Catchment Map of Kalahandi district. Road map of Kalahandi district. CfMPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 General 1 1.1 Situation and Boundries 1 1.2 Administrative units and Area 1 Monthly vari ~ ation of temperature and rainfall'(facing page 2). 1.3 Climate 2 1.4 Topography 2 1.5 Drainage 4 1.6 Geology 4 1.7 Soi 1s 5 1.8 Minerals 6 1.9 Landuse pattern 6 1.10 Socio-economic condition 7 1.11 Infrastructure 8 Classification of roads in Kalahandi distri'ct. (Table No. 1.1) 9 1.12 Forest Industries 11 CHAPTER ~ l!. THE FOREST 2.1 General description 12 2.2 Oamage to the forest 13 2.3 Rights and concessions 14 2.4 The Forest Types 14 2.5 Present Forest Management 21 2.6 Wild-life Management 24 CHAP TEl< .:. l.l!. RESOURCES SURVEY METHODOLOGY. Diagrams showing layout of plots(between page 24-25) 3.1 Objectives 25 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 -------~---------------------------------------------- ---------------- 3.2 Area considered for survey 25 3.3 Inventory design 25 3.4 Format for data collection 26 3.5 Field work 28 3.6 fv1aps 28 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS 4.0 Samp 1 i ng des-i gn 30 4.1 Oat a 30 4.2 Data processing 30 4.3 Area 31 4.4 Volume estimation 31 4.5 Enumerated tree volume 33 4.6 Plot volume 33 4.7 Stand tables 33 4.8 Stock tables 33 4.9 Sampling error 33 4.10 Bamboo area 34 4.11 Clumps per hectare 34 4.12 Culms per hectare 34 4.13 Total number of culms 35 4.14 Bamboo weight (Green) 35 CHAPTER V INVENTORY RESULTS: AREA 5.1 Fo~est Area - Land uses 36 5.2 Area by crop composition 36 5.3 Area by topography and crop-composition 37 5.4 Area by crop-composition and soil depth classes 37 5.5 Area by crop-composition and canopy layer 37 5.6 Area by crop composition and top-height classes. 37 5.7 Area by crop composition and size classes 38 5.8 Area by crop composition and slope classes 38 5.9 Utilisation patte~n of government forest land 38 5.10 Plantable area in govt. forest 38 5.11 Soil Erosion 38 5.12 Regeneration 38A 5.13 Fire incidence 38A 5.14 Grazing incidence 38A TAeLES AND MAPS PERTAINING TU CHAPTER V 1.1 Break-up of Area by land·use classes 39 1.1 r..., 'ilap. showi ng 1and -use classes 39 A 1.2 Break up of tree vegetated area into 40 dlfferent crop composition classes. 1.2 1'-1 Map showing crop compOSition 40 A 1.3 ~reak-up of tree vegetated area under different crop compositions by topography 41 classes. 1. 3 1'1 Map showing general topography 41 A 1.4 KHHk~M~X®f x iKRex¥ Break up of tree vegetated area (Land use) under different crop 42 compositions by soil depth classes. 1.4 H Map showing soil depth 42A 1.5 Break up of tree vegetated area under 43 different crop,compositions by canopy layer/storey. 1.6 Break up of tree vegetated area under different crop compOSitions by top height classes. 44 1.6M Map showing top - height 44 A 1.7 Break up tree vegetated area under different crop compositions by size classes. 45 1.7 r>1 Map showing size classes. 45A 1.8 Break up of the vegetated area under different crop compOSitions by slope classes. 46 2.0 Govt. forest land utilisation pattern of 47 Kalahandi district. 3.0 tstimated plantable area in the govt . forest land. 48 5.11 IVI Map showing Soil erosion 48A 5.12 f"j Map showing regeneration 48B 5.l3 1"1 f"'lap showing fire incidence 48C 5.14 M Map showing grazing incidence 480 CHAPTER VI INVENTORY RESULTS: (GROWING STO CK(TREES). • 6.1 Total no. of stems and stems/ha. 49 - Stratum Teak 6.2 Total no. of stems and stems/ha. - Stratum sal 49 6.3 Total no. of stems and stems/ha. - S'Lratum Sal ai 49 6.4 Tota 1 no. of stems and stems/ha. - Stratum 50 Miscellaneous 6.5 Total volume and volume/ha. - Stratum Teak 50 6.6 Tota 1 volume and volume/ha. - Stratum sal 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 ----------------------------------------------.~------ ----------------- 6.7 Total volume and volume/ha. - Stratum salai 51 6.8 . Total volume and volurne/ha. - Stratum 51 Ivli sce 11 aneous 6.9 Abstract of growing stock (Tree vegetation) 51 6.10 Growing stock by Forest type with standard 52 error. TABLES ANO MAPS PERTAINING TO CHAPTER VI 6.1 A Total no. of stems(OOO) - Stratum Teak 53 6.1 8 Stems(ha - Stratum Teak 54 6.2 A Total no. of stems(OOO) - Stratum sal 55 6.2 B Stems/ha. - Stratum sal 57 6.3 A Total no. of stems (000) - Stratum salai 59 6.3 B Stems/ha. - Stratum Salai 60 6.4 A Total no. of stems(OOO) - Stratum Misc. 61 6.4 B Stems/ha. - Stratum Miscellaneous 63 6.5 A 3 Total volume (OOO)t,f - Stratum Teak 65 6.5 B Volume/ha M3 - Stratum Teak 66 6.6 A Total volume (OOO) M3 - Stratum sal 67 6.6 8 Volume/ha M3 - Stratum Sal 69 6.7 A Total volume (OOO)M3 - Stratum Salai 71 6.7 1:3 Volume/ha. M3 - Stratum Salai 73 6.8 A Total volume (OOO)M3 - Stratum Misc. 75 6.8 1:3 Volume/ha. M3 - Stratum Miscellaneous 77 6.9 Abstract of growing stock (Tree Vegetation) 79 6.9 M Map showing distribution of volume/ha. M3 in 79A Kalahandi district. 6.10 Growing stock by Forest type with standard error.80 CHAPTER VIr INVENTORY RESULTS:GROWING STOCK BAMBOO 7.0 Growing stock - Bamboo 81 7.1 Bamboo forest area 81 7.2 Clumps per ha. by quality and size'class 81 7.3 . No. of culms by soundness, quality and clump 81 sizes 7.4 Bamboo we; ght . 82 7.5 Air dry weight 82 TABLES AND MAPS PERTAINING TO CHAPTER VII 7.1 Break up of Bamboo area 83 1 2 3 7.2 Mean number of clumps/ha. by ~amboo quality and clump size classes. 83 7.1 M Map showing otcurrence of Bamboo (by density classes). 83 A 7.3 A Tota 1 number of cu lms. in (000) by soundness of culms by Bamboo quality and clump size classes 84 7.3 B Mean number of Bamboo cul~s/ha by soundness of culms by Bamboo quality and clump size 85 classes. 7.4 A Bamboo (green) stock in tonnes by age of culms and' soufidnes 5 by bambm qua I ity and clump size 86 7.4 B B=aln'bsosoes('green) stack in tonnes by soundness of clumps by bamboo quality and clump size 87 classes. 7.4 C Green bamboo stock (in tonnes) by bamboo quality, clump size classes, age, soundness and 88 diameter classes. ·7.5 A Bamboo (dry) st~k in tonnes corresponding to bamboo (green) by age of culms and soundness by bamboo quality and clump 89 size class. 7.5 B Bamboo (dry) stock in tonnes corresponding to bamboo (Green) by soundness of culms by bamboo quality and clump size class. 90 Annexure. 1. List of Officers/staff associated with the 91 inventory. 2. Bib I i~raphy 92 FOREWORD It gives me great pleasure in releasing this report dealing with forest resources of Kalahandi district of Orissa State. This report is the result of intensive field work done by the staff of the Central Zone of this organisation during February - May, 1984. Kalahandi district of Orissa is reported to have more than 50% (53% according to Orissa For~st Department) area under forest cover and slightly less than 50% population consists of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. As is common over the entire country, the t~ibal population of this district is economically very backward and depends heavily on the forests for their livelihood. Shifting cultivation has been the mode of their life for centuries and even now part of the tribal population in this district survives on shifting cultivation. This has caused considerable degradation of forests in this district. There ;5 hardly any industry worth the name in this area which can help in relieving the pressure of population on the forests. According to the survey conducted by this Organisation, ~~c: area actually covered by vegetation forms only 40.45% of the total geo­ graphical area of Kalahandi district. Thus, it appears that rapid destru­ ction of valuable forest~ of this district is taking place mostly due to cultivation, encroachments and illicit fellings. Forest fires which are quite common have also added to the depletion of forest resources. This district has high potential for forestry development as there are valuable Sal and Teak forests in this area. However, pro­ portion of Teak and Sal in these forests is getting reduced as a result of heavy ill icit cutting. Nearly 75% of the forest cover can be assigned to miscellaneous forests as per the survey conducted. Nearly 25% forest cover is under Sal and Teak (Sal 22.4% and Teak 1.9%). Teak forests seem to be losing ground tomisce1laneous forests due to selective illicit fell ings.