These Proceedings contain the presentations and deliberations ofth e First PROSEA International Symposium, which was held from May 22-25,1989, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Focal points ofth e presentations wereth e past, present and future ofth e PROSEA project, which is an international, multidisciplinary undertaking that aims to publish a multivolume, illustrated handbook in English, on approximately 5,000 useful South-East Asian plants. Yy <rV .%ävA-*|i* n^iv/ Kn A6 *Î\I-ÏÀ /)a<Pc^ O2 . ^ „ oi , Plant Resources of South-East Asia Proceedings of the First PROSEA International Symposium May 22-25,1989, Jakarta, Indonesia J.S. Siemonsma and N.Wulijarni-Soetjipt o (Editors) H Pudoc Wageningen 1989 c SU S~I o") S Bibliotheek TEELT Vakgroep Agronomie LU -Wag«ninge n Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Plant Plant resources of South-East Asia :proceeding s of the first PROSEA interna­ tional symposium, May 22-25, 1989, Jakarta, Indonesia:J. S. Siemonsma and N. Wulijarni-Soetjipto (ed.).- Wageningen : Pudoc. - III. With ref. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 bound SISO 632.3UD C 633/635 (59) NUGI835 Subject heading: plant resources ;South-Eas t Asia. ISBN 90-220-0999-8 NUGI 835 Design: Frits Stoepman GVN. © Pudoc/Prosea, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1989 No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electric or electromagnetic record without permission from the publisher Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands. Printed in the Netherlands CONTENTS FOREWORD 11 Aprilani Soegiarto Organizers, Committees and Sponsors 12 Acknowledgements 13 INTRODUCTION 15 Welcoming Address 17 Samaun Samadikun Presentation PROSEA Publications 19 H.C.van der Pias The Role of Plant Resources in Environmental Policies 21 Hasjrul Harahap THE SYMPOSIUM - AN OVERVIEW 23 J.S.Siemonsma, S.Kadarsan & E.Westphal RECOMMENDATIONS 29 GENERAL PAPERS 33 PROSEA State of the Art ' 35 E.Westphal, S.Kadarsan & J.S.Siemonsma Economic Botany in South-East Asia 48 C.Kalkman PROSEA's Scientific Merits and Limitations 57 Salleh Mohd.Nor PROSEA and New Trends in Information Technology 61 J.M.Schippers Discussion 66 PROSEA PUBLICATIONS 69 Basic List of Species and Commodity Grouping 71 R.H.M.J.Lemmens, P.CM.Jansen & J.S.Siemonsma Pulses for South-East Asia 76 L.J.G.van der Maesen & S.Somaatmadja Plant Resources of South-East Asia: a Selection 83 P.CM.Jansen & E.Westphal Discussion 93 COMMODITY GROUP REPORTS 95 Edible Fruits and Nuts in South-East Asia 97 E.W.M.Verhey & R.E.Coronel Bamboos of South-East Asia 107 E.A.Widjaja & S.Drans field Dyes and Tannins in a Changing World 121 N.R.de Graaf, J.M.Fund ter & J.W.Hildebrand Rattans 130 J.Dransfield, J.P.Mogea & N.Manokaran Vegetables of South-East Asia 142 J.S.Siemonsma & M.H.Aarls-van den Bergh South-East Asian Spices: Present State and Future 154 Prospects as Exemplified by Indonesian Cooking Rugayah, D.Sulistiarini, T.Djarwaningsih & E.A.Widjaja Forage Plants for South-East Asia 164 L.'t Mannetje & R.M.Jones Discussion 176 COUNTRY REPORTS AND DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM 179 Plant Resources and Scientific Infrastructure in Indonesia 181 S.Kadarsan, H.Sutarno & S.Danimihardja Country Report Malaysia 186 Idris Mohd.Said Plant Resources of Papua New Guinea 192 RJ. Johns Country Report Philippines 201 N.C.Altoveros, B.P.del Rosario, A.L.Sanico & M.T.F.Santos Country Report Thailand 206 S.Duriyaprapan, S.Lakmuang & P.Boonklinkajorn Plant Resources of Burma 211 San Maung SAPRIS: the PROSEA Information and Documentation 216 System L.P.A.Oyen & N.Wulijarni-Soetjipto Discussion 225 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 1991-1995 227 Proposals for Project Execution 1991-1995 229 H.C.van der Plas Reports Working Groups 243 1. Scientific Content and Quality 243 2. Organization and Finances 244 3. Information and Documentation System 245 4. Publication Policy 246 POSTER PRESENTATIONS 249 Oil-Producing Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis L. and 251 Jatropha curcas L. A.T.Aranez An Introduction to Fruit and Nut Trees in Papua New Guinea 252 R.A.Banka Study on Fast-Growing Nitrogen-Fixing Trees in Thailand 253 S.Chitnawasarn & S.Pattanavibul Genetic Resources of Pyrethrum {Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) 254 in Indonesia A.Djisbar PROSEA and IBPGR 255 J.M.M.Engels Uses of Traditional Vegetable Resources of Malaysia 255 Farah D.Ghani-Bauer Rattan Resources of the Philippines 256 E.S.Fernando Cultivated Mussaenda and Indigenous Species with Promising 257 Ornamental Potential in Papua New Guinea O.G.Gideon Traditional Vegetables of Papua New Guinea 259 A.M.Gurnah Salacca Germplasm for Potential Economic Use 260 G.G.Hambali, J.P.Mogea & M.Yatazawa Wild Durio Germplasm for Improving Fruit Quality and 261 Performance of Durio zibethinus G.G.Hambali, M.Yatazawa & A.T.Sunarto Ecophysiological Study and Post-Harvest Handling of Mangosteen 262 Fruits (Garcinia mangostana L.) S.S.Harjadi, A.Hidayat & M.Argasasmita Aspects of Fruit Development in the Sugar Palm 263 (Arenga pinnata Merr.) E.B.Hidajat, H.T.Pramesti & T.Adiastuti Genetic Resources of Fruit Trees in Malaysia ' 264 S.Idris & R.Aman Some Plants of South and South-East AsiaUse di n theTreatmen t of 265 Diabetes Mellitus A.H.M.Jayasuriya, A.S.B.Wijekoon & H.M.Senandheera Rattans of Papua New Guinea 267 R.J.Johns Litsea cubeba Pers.: Potential and Prospects 268 S.Koerniati Mangoes 269 A.J.G'.H.Kostermans & J.M.Bompard Fatty-Oil Plants in the Flora of Vietnam 271 La Dinh Moi & Nguyen Tien Ban Essential-Oil Plants in the Flora of Vietnam 272 La Dinh Moi & Nguyen Tien Ban An Attempt to Inventorize and Document the Collections of Wild 273 Edible Fruit Tree Species in Sabah, Malaysia A.Latiff & K.M.Salt eh Vegetation Maps, Ecological Policy, and the Search for 274 Useful Plants Y.Laumonier, U.R.Djailany & G.Michon Amorphophallus in South-East Asia 276 Li Hen 'Useful Plants of South-East Asia' Project 277 MAB Committee Indonesia Pigeonpea and its Wild Relatives 278 L.J.G.van der Maesen Performance of 'Verano Stylo' under Thailand Conditions 279 C.Manidool APINMAP and PROSEA 279 P.J.O.Medina Traditional Rattan Cultivation in Kedang Pahu River Area, Regency 280 of Kutai, East Kalimantan P.Matius & S.Sutedjo Wild Bananas of Indonesia 281 R.E. Nasution Flora of Vietnam: Medicinal Plant Resources 283 Nguyen Tien Ban Plant Resources of Vietnam 284 Nguyen Tien Ban, Nguyen Tien Hiep, Phon Ke Loc & La Dinh Moi Towards the Utilization of Rosaceae in the Flora of Vietnam 286 Nguyen Tien Hiep Potential of Some Neglected and Under-Exploited Fruit Tree 287 Species M.N.Normah, B.Krishnapillay & H.F.Chin Biology and Ecology of Asystasia intrusa Bl. 288 S.B.Othman Bamboos in the Philippines 289 J.V.Poncho Azolla pinnata R.Br, as a Potential Source of Nitrogen in Lowland 289 Rice Environment S.Partohardjono Fleagrass, a Traditional Cultivated Plant in the Yunnan Tropics, 290 China Pei Sheng-ji & Shen Peiqiong Tannin-Bearing Angiosperm Species in the Flora of Vietnam 292 Phan Ke Loc & Nguyen Tien Hiep Plant Resources of the Dry Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest of 293 Vietnam Phan Ke Loc & Nguyen Tien Hiep The Starch from Sago Palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) 295 C.Phengklai Improvement of Salacca spp. in Thailand 296 P.Polprasid & S.Salakphetch Van Overeem's Unpublished Icônes of Indonesian Edible Fungi 297 M.A.Rifai Indigenous Fruit Trees of Kalimantan in Traditional Culture 299 B.Seibert The Role of Rattan Palm in the Development of Sustainable Forest 300 in Indonesia T.Silitonga & R.Eff end i Gliricidia Leaves as Ruminant Feed 301 S.Silitonga-Sitorus Arenga pinnata Merr. as Multipurpose Palm for Forestry 302 Buffer-Zones W.Smits SEAWIC Contributions to the Management of the Economic Plants 303 of South-East Asia S.S.Soedojo, S.S.Tjitrosoedirdjo & R.C.Umaly Reproductive Biology of Malaysian Fruit Tree Species and their 304 Wild Relatives E.Soepadmo Loss of Ornamental Plant Resources in East Java 305 L.Soetopo Kaempferia galanga L. in Central Java and West Sumatra 306 Sudiarto Importanceo f Non-Traditional Commercial Timbersfo r the Wood 308 Industry in Indonesia B.Supraptono Bamboo and Rattan Resources 309 S.Thammincha & I.Vongkaluang Main Sources of Information on Indo-Chinese Plant Resources 310 J.E.Vidal The Genus Abelmoschus 311 J.H.Vredebregt South-East Asian Plants Used in Traditional Chinese Herbal 312 Medicine Y.C.Wee Potential of Dimocarpus longan in Sarawak / 313 K.C.Wong & I.Yusof Economic Ferns of the Philippines 315 P.M.Zamora PARTICIPANTS 317 INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS 331 FOREWORD The task of the PROSEA project to publish in a reasonable period of time a multivolume, illustrated handbook on about 5,000 useful South-East Asian plants is a formidable one, needing well-orchestrated international cooperation. The First PROSEA International Symposium was an important event in the process of 'internationalization' of the PROSEA project. Over 150 participants from 19 countries and various international agencies attended, including large delegations from the 6 countries presently actively involved in the project (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Thailand). The objective of the symposium was to discuss the scientific and organizational aspects of the whole PROSEA undertaking, based on the experience gained over the last 2 years. The symposium programme comprised 22 invited papers dealing with general aspects of the project, with form and contents of the PROSEA publications, with the progress in a number of commodity groups, with the documentation activities of the Country Office Network, and with proposals for the future course of the project.