iU 3 + ,1, V 13 ’ '_?? Polaris Patches J : » 8 vs • i - - ' '' • r5/ '■( i, Jj';- 6j 2-,) i-/ Pacific island Qualified Fishing Deckhand 2} + : s5» .Vi/. aîâlju PepO i ! .‘541 ' ip At + ♦ MODULE 7 A»*»* ? KüluKÇtU Knots and Splices faga +: c in Common Use 3 ; Peru/ u. Pigeon Hkfr V ^v.Wamca I ( 1 S3 )-O'- • t^•Piatana i n 1?85 ( 320) , 2 8 ' (274)0 ' "" ^ ■ Hygeia Sh Set View, A M P H L E T T GRO U P U Wawiwa I. 26 U n S U r //5 j —^..Yattudia ! Coastal Fisheries Program Training Section These resource materials were produced with financial assistance from the United Nations Development Project. South Pacific Commission PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND MODULE 7: KNOTS AND SPLICES IN CO M M O N USE LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion of this module the students should have the following skills: • Tie and state the uses of the following knots: - reef knot - round turn and two half hitches - bowline - bowline on the bight - clove hitch - rolling hitch - sheet bend (single and double) - carrick bend - timber hitch with half hitch - marling hitch - figure of eight knot - sheep shank - fisherman’s bend / anchor hitch - blackwall hitch • Splice synthetic rope - eye splice three-strand (minimum 5 tucks) and multiplait (minimum 4 tucks) synthetic ropes - back splice three-strand synthetic rope (minimum 3 tucks) - short splice three-strand (minimum 4 tucks) and multiplait (minimum 5 tucks) synthetic ropes MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PAGE 1 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND • Complete an eye splice of wire rope using a locking tuck and 5 full rounds of tucks against the lay • Apply a whipping to prevent the end of a fibre rope from unlaying Apply a chain stopper to wire rope and apply a rope stopper on fibre rope CONTENT OUTLINE • Terminology • Knots, hitches and bends in common use • Knots for nylon monofilament • Whippings for rope ends • Splicing three-strand rope • Splicing eight-strand multiplait rope • Board of Trade splice for wire rope • Chain and rope stoppers PAGE 2 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND TERMINOLOGY Standing Part Section of rope running away from the bitter end - the main body of the rope Bitter End The end of a length of rope Bight A curve or semi-loop formed along the standing part of the rope Eye Formed by crossing the bitter end over or under the standing part of the rope MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PAGE 3 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND KNOTS, HITCHES AND BENDS Fisherman’s Knot This can be impossible to undo once it is pulled tight. Used for permanently joining ropes of equal diameter Very simple to tie. Two overhand knots tied the same way then brought together Marling Hitch This series of hitches is often used to hang netting from rope or wire The hitches must be tight and all made going in the same direction They need constant tension in order to work properly PAGE 4 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Timber Hitch and one Half Hitch This is a directional knot used for hauling pipes or logs, etc. There should be at least three turns on the timber hitch At least one half hitch must be used, but you can use as many as you like. A longer log would need more half hitches. This knot can slip. Do not get under whatever is being moved! Garrick Bend Mainly used for joining two wire ropes or large fibre Figure 7.5 hawsers together for towing purposes. Begin by making a “6” with the left hand rope. Lay the other rope across the “6”, making sure the bitter ends are opposite each other. Now it is a matter of weaving the rope end under and over, working in a clockwise direction, The bitter ends should finish on opposite sides. Pull up equally on the standing parts and the bitter ends. Do not haul the knot itself tight! Seize the ends of the ropes to the standing parts Figure 7.6 MODULE 7; KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PAGES PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Figure of Eight Tied in the end of a rope to prevent it running back through a block etc., Or to stop the rope from unravelling Sheepshank Used to shorten a rope temporarily Needs to have constant tension or it may come undone If you want it to remain tied when not under load, lash the loops to the standing parts. Figure 7.8 PAGE 6 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Blackwall hitch This knot works by jamming on itself Take care with synthetic fibre ropes as they might slip This knot will only hold while strain is applied. It must not be used where a permanent knot or splice is needed Round turn and two half hitches A good all round secure knot Easy to tie, and can be untied even under pressure Most of the weight is taken by the round turn Figure 7.10 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PAGE 7 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Anchor Hitch {Fisherman’s Bend) A very secure knot but almost impossible to undo once it has been under load Good to use as a permanent knot Clove Hitch Temporary knot, not very secure Can work itself loose if tied with new, dry rope When older or wet or synthetic ropes are used for this knot, it may well jam under load and be impossible to untie PAGE 8 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Rolling Hitch A good, secure knot that can be tied or untied under load It is intended to take load from one direction by pulling tight against the two crossover turns Sheet Bend Used to join ropes of the same diameter, or different diameters Used mostly in making various kinds of netting The two rope ends must always come out on the same side of the knot MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE ____________________________________________ PAGE 9 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Double Sheet Bend Should always be used to join ropes of different diameter, or to have more security when using a single sheet bend to join ropes of the same diameter As with the sheet bend, make sure that the two rope ends come out on the same side of the knot Bowline Used to make an eye in a rope end If tied properly it is almost as strong as a spliced eye PAGE 10 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND Bowline on the Bight This forms two eyes in the rope and may be used to help someone from the water or as a temporary bosun’s chair Figure 7.17 Reef Knot A knot intended to join ropes of equal diameter Can come undone if slippery synthetics are used or if the ends are left too short. Often used to finish whippings and seizings MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE ____________________________________________ PAGE 11 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND COMMONLY USED MONO KNOTS The Clinch Knot * easy to tie and effective * used to attach mono to hooks or swivels * most people that fish with hooks know this knot Figure 7.19 Barrel or Blood Loop Knot Useful when you need a loop in a length of mono. * start by making a loop and then turning it inside itself about 5 or 6 times * pass the centre of the loop down through the centre of the twists you have made * hold on to the loop tightly when you tighten the knot or it will draw out Figure 7.20 PAGE 12 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND The Barrel or Blood Knot Very useful in joining backbones or other lengths of mono of equal diameter. This is probably the strongest of the mono joining knots as the two lines are tied to each other. Note: a little saliva on the knots when tightening them helps a great deal. Slip Knot • more difficult than the clinch knot • end of the line comes out parallel with the standing part, and not at right angles Run line over end of finger and hold in place with thumb Puli tight Figure 7.22 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON U S E _____________________________________________PAGE 13 PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND W HIPPING SAILMAKERS WHIPPING This is the most secure whipping ♦ unlay a short length of the rope end • drop a loop of twine over one of the strands and lay the rope back up • you should have a long and a short end of twine hanging from the rope * leave the short end of twine hanging and wind the long end of the twine tightly towards the end of the rope. Stop before reaching the rope end * bring the twine loop around with the lay and drop it over the same rope strand • pull down tight on the short end of the twine and wind this shorter end up the final groove (lay) of the rope * use both twine ends to tie a reef knot in the centre of the strands PAGE 14 MODULE 7: KNOTS & SPLICES IN COMMON USE PACIFIC ISLAND QUALIFIED FISHING DECKHAND WEST COUNTRY Probably the fastest and easiest whipping to make a series of overhand knots tied on opposite sides of the rope finished off with a reef knot good for seizing an “eye” when splicing wire rope 1 2 Figure 7.24 COMMON WHIPPING As with the other whippings, this is not effective unless the whipping twine is kept tight throughout the procedure.