Cambridge University Press 0521838452 - Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire Jason Konig Index More information General index Abraham 172 Alexandria, Alexandrians (see also under Olympic Achaia, Achaians (see also names of individual festivals (in other cities)) 1, 3, 5, 6, 143, 167, cities) 186–7, 202, 339 171, 259–60, 307 Achilles 76–7, 235–7, 339 Alfidios, M. (athlete) 130–1, 138, 146, 307 acrobats, acrobatics 1–2, 4–5, 320 Altis (see Olympia) Actium, battle of 28, 239 Alypos of Sikyon (sculptor) 197 Aelian 160 alytarchai 166 Aelius Alkibiades, P. 179 amateurism 30, 37 Aelius Alkibiades, T. 179–80 Amphipolis 214 Aelius Aristides 40, 180, 191 amphithalˆes 67 Aemilius Paullus, L. 214, 216 Amykos 237, 239, 246 Aemilius Scaurus, M. 216 Anacharsis (see also Lucian, Anacharsis) 299 Aeneas 239, 242 conversion to Hellenism 81, 83 Agamemnon 77, 235, 236 as a persona for Roman Empire writers 93–4 Agathion 340–1 anagnosis (‘reading’ – title of a gymnasion festival age categories (see also paides, ephebes, neoi) 53, contest) 65 64, 129, 166, 198, 200, 202–3, 247 Anaximenes (historian) 200–1 agonˆ (gÛn), range of meanings 35 animals 142, 272, 291, 292–3, 296, 328, 340 agones (agonistic festivals) (see also gymnasion, Ankyra 169–70 links with festival culture; ludi, Antaeus 238 distinction from agones; and entries under anthologies 160 the names of individual festivals) Antilochos 338, 339 and civic identity 4, 13, 27, 67–8, 165 Antisthenes 141–2 ‘crown’, ‘sacred’ festivals 27, 29, 71, 164, 165, Antoninus Pius 220, 222, 223–4, 258 185, 214 Antyllos 276, 280–2, 284, 285, 287 held by Republican Roman generals 214 Aphrodisias 67, 119–24, 127–30, 131 in honour of Rome 213–14 Apollonia 56 in the west (see also Capitolia; Neronia; Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautika 237–8, 287 Sebasta; Eusebeia) 218–21 Apollonius of Tyana (see also Philostratus, Life of processes of foundation 7, 27, 29, 71, 164, Apollonius) 214 letters ascribed to 341–2 themides (local, ‘prize festivals’) 27, 164 Appian 160 agonothete, agonothesia (see also euergetism; archery 246 doctors, as agonistic Archimedes 243 benefactors) 27–8, 68, 76–7, 127, 166, 185 archonship (Athenian) as means of dating 171, Aias 77, 235–6, 237 174 Aigina 201 Areios (athlete) 77 Aktia (agonˆ in Nikopolis) 28, 51, 125, 169, Aretˆe (‘Virtue’, deity of the gymnasion) 126 191 Argos (see also Shield Games of Hera at Argos) Alexander I of Macedon 26 167, 191, 194, 197 Alexander the Great 200–1 Aristippos 294 379 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521838452 - Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire Jason Konig Index More information 380 General index Aristotle 160, 172, 200, 306, 336 in the Archaic/Classical period 23–7 Arkadians 186–7, 326 in the Hellenistic period 7, 27–8, 46–7, 51–2 army, Roman (see also Rome, military in the Imperial period 7, 28–30, 31, 46–7, intervention in the Greekeast) 56 51–2, 350–2 Artemidorus 133 interaction between ‘literary’ and epigraphical Artemis Orthia (see Sparta) representation 8, 21–2, 106–7, 350 Artists of Dionysus (see guilds, musical) modern 23, 35–44 Asia Minor (see also names of individual cities) 28, origins of 23–5, 317, 326, 330–1 70, 125, 168, 169 Roman attitudes to (see also philhellenism) 7, askeo(ˆ skw), askesis (skhsiv), range of 25–6, 28, 57–8, 90–1, 138, 205–53 meanings 35 athleuoˆ (qleÅw), range of meanings 35 Asklepieia (agonˆ in Ephesus) 254–5 Atlanta Olympics (1996) 38 Asklepieia Sotereia Pythia (agonˆ in Ankyra) Atticism 265, 341 169–70 Augustus 28, 46, 50, 51, 113–15, 213, 219, 227, Asklepios 259–60 229–32, 233, 239 Asterix comic series (Goscinny and Uderzo) Res Gestae 229 40–4 aulos 167 astrology (see astronomy) Aurelios Achilles (pankratiast) 127–30, 131, 132, astronomy 50–1, 261, 319, 320–21 166 Astyanax 91 Aurelios Alexander (pankratiast) 3–4 Athenaeus 160 Aurelios Artemon, M. (benefactor from Athenodoros 178 Oinoanda) 71 Athens, Athenians (see also under Olympic Aurelios Asklepiades, M. 1–6, 29, 60, 124–6, 129, festivals (in other cities)) 1, 3, 7, 26–7, 130, 148, 168–9, 171, 211–12, 224–5, 299, 80–94, 141, 143, 169, 171, 177, 178, 183, 243, 351–2 244, 259, 309 Aurelios Helix (pankratiast) 3–4 as host of modern Olympics 37, 38, 39 as recipient of Hadrian’s benefaction 28, 85, Bacchus (see Dionysus) 163 ball games 33–4, 49, 280–1, 284–91 ephebeia 26, 27, 48, 55, 60, 64, 85, 309, 311 baths 49, 214 athletˆes (qlhtv), range of meanings 35 athletic statues in 107–10 athletes Baths of Caracalla 107–10 as role models 97, 107–10, 126–39, 146–57 Baths of Trajan (headquarters of the Athletic dying young 127, 130–1, 146–57, 244 Guild) 1, 4, 110, 222, 223–4 family dynasties of 130, 147 beauty 22, 25–6, 97–9, 102, 134–5, 141, 144–5, performing in Rome 216–17 147–57, 298 athletics benefaction (see euergetism) and civic identity 3, 4, 13, 19–20, 26 Berlin Olympics (1936) 38 and Greekidentity ( see also Panhellenism; Beroia gymnasion as marker of Hellenic as centre for military training and culture; trainers, as representatives of administration 55 Hellenic tradition) 13, 18, 25–6, 27 gymnasion law 48, 51–5, 60, 63, 65, 311–12 as elite activity 6, 12–19, 23–5, 31, 58–63, 183, Billault, A. 318 303 bodies 12, 14, 16–17, 97–157, 274–91, 295–6, as metaphor 98, 129–30, 132–9, 183, 245, 266, 301–44 269, 270, 271, 288–9, 332 Borysthenes 84–5 as object of controversy 2–7, 8, 13–21, 95, 303, Bourdieu, P. 100 345–6 boxers, boxing 77, 102, 115–24, 135, 146–57, 167, as preparation for political participation 59, 176, 201, 216, 237, 238, 245, 246, 332, 340 67, 87, 286 shadow-boxing 280 Christian attitudes to 7, 133–4 techniques of 149 continuation beyond ad 400 29–30 Branham, B. 73–4, 88 criticisms of military uselessness 47, 56–8, 90–1 Caesarea (Palestine) 172 definition of 32–5 Caldelli, M. 220–1 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521838452 - Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire Jason Konig Index More information General index 381 Caligula 231 Demeter 166 Cape Araxos 202 democratic ideology 24 Capitolia (agonˆ founded by Domitian in Rome) Demostheneia (festival at Oinoanda) 29, 67, 69, 28, 66, 125, 168, 169, 191, 211, 219, 220, 221, 71, 164 222–3, 224, 234, 240, 252 diaulos (see running) Capreae 231 Dido 242 Capua 242–3, 244, 246 Dio Chrysostom 21, 22, 91, 131, 133, 139–57, 305, Caracalla 56 347, 349, 350 Castricius Regulus, L. 66 career 140 Cato the Elder 208–9, 245 Orations 8 and 9 (Diogenes Orations) Celsus, De medicina 279, 281 141–3 Certamen Homeri et Hesiodi 77 Oration 1279, 143–4, 181, 342 chariot racing (see horse racing) Oration 21 (On Beauty) 144–5, 150–1 Chariton 134 Oration 27 142 Cheiron 339 Oration 28 (Melankomas 2) 97, 146–7, 152–6, Chersonese, Thracian 338 314 Chinese science 262 Oration 29 (Melankomas 1) 146–52 Chronicon Paschale 172–3 Oration 31143 , 215 chronography Oration 32 143 Christian 172–3 Oration 33 255 general 160–1, 171 Oration 34 143 Olympic (see also Phlegon, Olympiads) 159, Oration 36 84–5 162, 171–80, 188, 196, 203 Oration 66 143 Cicero 217–18 Oration 80 143 citizenship, as a reward for agonistic victory 3, 13, Diodorus Siculus 84, 133, 160 130, 260 Diogenes 136, 140, 141–3, 150, 156 civil war, as a theme in Roman epic 239–40, Diogenes Laertius 84 248 Diomedes 235–6 coins 20, 59, 165 Dionysius of Halicarnassus 160 collegia iuvenum 217 Dionysopolis 54 Commodeia (agonˆ in Nikaia) 165 Dionysus 237, 251 Commodus 165, 214 discus-throwing 245, 290 competition, competitiveness 5, 18, 24–5, disfigurement 107, 115–19, 123, 135, 283, 298 99–100, 127, 129–30, 262 dissection (see Galen, On Anatomical within and between scientific disciplines Procedures) 261–74, 301–2, 315–25 doctors (see also under trainers) 5, 22, 49, 104, ‘compilatory’ texts 160–3, 173–4, 189, 318 132–3, 254–300 complex categorization, as a rhetorical strategy as agonistic benefactors 258, 259–60 in scientific writing 261, 263, 268, 279, 284, associations of 258–9 316, 322, 336 honoured in festivals for public consulship (Roman) as means of dating 171, 174 service 257–60 Corinth, Corinthians 66, 142, 184, 186–7, in public medical competitions 254–5, 264–5, 189–93, 194, 213, 215–16 270 Cos 258 involved with athletic guilds 257 Cotswold Olympicks 39 official, public doctors 254, 255, 258, 259, Coubertin, Pierre de 36–7 262–3 Crete 177–8 on duty at festivals 259 ‘culture’ (see identity, theories of ) sects 265, 275 Cynicism 133, 135, 140, 141–3, 150, 156, 293, social status of 261–2 340 teaching in gymnasia 257 techniques of self-promotion 261–3 Dares 239 dolichos (see running) Delos 178, 180, 309–10 Domitian 28, 66, 140, 211, 218, 219, 227–8, Delphi (see also Pythian festival) 50–1, 66, 134–5, 233–4, 240 183, 186, 194, 216, 307 Dorians 186–7 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521838452 - Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire Jason Konig Index More information 382 General index drawn contests 59, 77, 127 eutaxia (‘discipline’ – title of a gymnasion festival Dyme 330 contest) 65, 72 Egypt (see also names of individual cities) 27, 59, Favorinus 16–17, 160 64, 169, 314–15 Corinthian Oration 19, 190, 191–2 eiselastikos 165 fees for gymnasion training 61 ekphrasis 251, 339–40 festivals (see agones) Eleusis 158 fines 53–4, 311–12 Elis, Eleans 1, 3, 172, 176, 183, 185, 186–7, 193, finger-breaking 200 194, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 330, 342 Flamininus (T.