INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 AN ANALYSIS OF THE DOMINANCE OF MINANG DIALECT IN KERINCI SOCIETY Okti Wilymafidini1 1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sakti (STIA-NUSA) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Nusantara Sungai Penuh Kerinci Jambi Telp & Fax. (0748) 22872 Email: [email protected] Abstract: This research aims at explaining the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society, the factors that influence the dominance of Minang Dialect in Kerinci society and the way to maintain Kerinci language from the influence of Minang language. This is a descriptive research because it described data and characteristics about the phenomenon being studied. The data was gotten through observation. Besides, the researcher also did library research and compared to the theory used to answer the problems in this research. From the data conducted, it can be seen that the dominance of Minang dialects in Kerinci society can be found in the market and in the restaurants. It means that Kerinci language is influenced by Minang language. This is due to Kerinci and Minang are neighbors. Besides, Minang people who stay in Kerinci always use Minang language especially in doing selling and buying transaction and this gives influence to the use of Kerinci language. Thus, to maintain Kerinci language, there are some steps that can be done such as standardization of Kerinci language, so that people know which one is Kerinci language and which one is not. Besides, Kerinci language dictionary should be available and people have to use the original language of Kerinci instead of Minang language in daily communication. Key Words: Analysis, Dominance, Minang Dialects, Kerinci Society. INTRODUCTION communicative function in social Language plays an important interaction. and significant role in social interaction Generally, language is process of human being. Through dynamics. Dynamics means that language people express their feeling language becomes develop and develop such as happiness, sadness, anger, and every time. Language becomes so forth. By using language people dynamics because the user, human share their knowledge, transfer any being, is dynamics too. The attitude idea, and give information to each and the style of human being always other. Thus, language has develop and change everyday. The 63 INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 development of language is the same this is commonly called as marantau. with the development of human being. Thus, it is not strange if we find a lot of So, it can be concluded that the Minang people in Kerinci. One of the dynamics of language is caused by the interesting thing from this phenomenon dynamics of users of the language. is Minang people always use Minang The development of language language although they are not on their can be caused by internal factor and native land. This gives positive and external factor. Internal factor means negative effect. Positively, Minang that the speakers probably don’t want people have tried to maintain their to use their language in conversation. language. However, this will give Perhaps, if those words still be used, negative effect to the existence of the speaker itself becomes shame to the Kerinci language. This can be seen other participants. In addition, they from the phenomenon in the market in want to show that they are educated Kerinci where Kerinci people person. So, whenever they speak to the especially teenagers prefer to use other, they will use the familiar Minang language to Kerinci language. language than their language. Because of this fact, the originality of Moreover, external factors mean that Kerinci language becomes disappear. language is influenced by development Therefore, in this paper, the researcher of time and culture. This also may be describes what are the dominance of caused by the language used by the Minang Dialects in Kerinci society, neighbors that influences one language. what are the factors that influence the One of the cases is the influence dominance of Minang Dialect in Minang language toward Kerinci Kerinci society and How to maintain language. In other words, it can be Kerinci language from the influence of stated that there is the dominance of Minang language. Minang Dialect in Kerinci Society. Based on the problems that Minang language has been have been stated before, the objectives known by almost all of Kerinci people. of this research are related to the Historically, this may be caused due to dominance of Minang Dialect in the tradition of Minang people to leave Kerinci Society, the factors that their home and go somewhere else or influence the dominance of Minang 64 INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 Dialect in Kerinci society and the way with West Sumatera province and to maintain Kerinci language from the Merangin regency. Thus, on the influence of Minang language. western and northern part, the border of Related to this phenomenon, Kerinci regency is West Sumatera this research is expected to have province. significant contribution to some Moreover, in relation to aspects. First, theoretically, it will give language, Ronald (2008) explains that information to Kerinci society that their Kerinci language is an Austronesian language is in danger since people language, spoken by the people in dominantly used Minang dialect Kerinci regency, Jambi Province, instead of Kerinci language. Therefore, western mountains, Sungaipenuh area, Kerinci society will try to maintain and north and west. Kerinci language Kerinci language from the influence of has several dialects, sometimes Minang language. This research differing between nearby villages. practically may also become input for Some of those dialects are Ulu, the readers to know the dominance of Mamaq, Akit, Talang, Sakei. This Minang Dialect in Kerinci society. shows that Kerinci languages are rich of dialects. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The Concepts of Borrowing Words Overview of Kerinci Language Borrowing words is also known Kerinci is the original ethnic as loanwords. Those are words adopted group which lived on the east coast of by the speakers of one language from a Sumatra (Joshua, 2011). Kerinci is one different language (the source of the regency in Jambi province. The language). The abstract noun western border of Kerinci is North ‘borrowing’ refers to the process of Bengkulu regency, Bengkulu Province speakers adopting words from a source and Pesisir Selatan regency of West language into their native language. Sumatra Province. On the east, the Borrowing words is a border of Kerinci regency is Merangin consequence of cultural contact and Bungo regency. The northern between two language communities. border is with Solok Selatan of West Borrowing words can go in both Sumatra Province and the south side is directions between the two languages 65 INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 in contact, but often there is an language and with verbs and asymmetry, such that more words go adjectives receiving native from one side to the other. In this case morphemes as well. the source language community has (2) Loanshift some advantages of power, prestige Another process that occurs is and/or wealth that makes the objects that of adapting native words to and ideas it brings desirable and useful the new meanings. to the borrowing language community. (3) Loan-translation Language borrowing has been A Loan-translation occurs when an interest to various fields of the native language uses an item- linguistics for some time (Whitney for-item native version of the 1875, deSaussure 1915, Sapir 1921, original. Pedersen 1931, Haugen 1950, (4) Loan-blend Lehmann 1962, Hockett 1979, Anttila A Loan-blend is a form in which 1989). In the study of language one element is a loanword and the borrowing, loanwords are only one of other is a native element. the types of borrowings that occur Thus, it is clear that if two across language boundaries. The languages are in contact, there is a speakers of a language have various possibility of borrowing words occur. options when confronted with new The Concept of Language items and ideas in another language. In Maintenance this case, Hockett (in Hoffer, 2005) has People in all cultures share organized the options as follows: ideas about the world that surrounds (1) Loanword them based on models they have of Speakers may adopt the item or their physical and social universe. idea and the source language These models are expressed and word for each. The borrowed transmitted to a large degree through form is a loanword. These forms language (Bonvillain, 1993). Linguists, now function in the usual philosophers, ethnographers and grammatical processes, with anthropologists have proved that there nouns taking plural and/or is an intrinsic connection between any possessive forms of the new language and the culture of its 66 INOVISH JOURNAL, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2017 ISSN: 2528-3804 speakers. For example, Edward Sapir grandchildren (third generation) are (1966/1949, p. 68) noted that language predominantly monolingual in the is “a guide to ‘societal’ reality”. language of the dominant group. Language according to Sapir However, this is not always the case, (1966/1949, p. 69), is much more than and some languages can be maintained an incidental tool of “solving specific across a few generations. problems of communication or Fishman (1966) noted that the reflection” since the ‘real world’ is “to study of language maintenance is a large extend unconsciously