Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84646-2 - An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy Karyn L. Lai Index More information Index alchemy 5, 15, 203 Bianzhe 5, 6, 9, 112–113, 114–123, 136–139 Analects of Confucius (Lunyu) 19–21, 45 practical concerns 15 contemporary applications of 20, 51 Bingfa (Art of War) 15 analysis, method of (see also synthesis) Book of History (Shu Jing) 21 16, 31 Book of Lord Shang 176–178 arbitrariness Book of Odes (Shi Jing) 21, 200 a concern in later Mohist philosophy 127 Buddhism 1–2 of distinctions, in Daoist philosophy 103 Chan 261–267 of names, in Zhuangzi 149–150 Chinese 1, 267–268 argument 66 Consciousness-only 253–255 suggestive imagery 16–17, 72 Flower Garland 257–261 argument by analogy 60 introduction into China 235, 244–250 Hui Shi 115 Pure Land 251 later Mohist philosophy 127, 129–130 Three Treatise 251–253 argument by appeal to authority, rejected Tian Tai 255–257 in later Mohist philosophy 138 Buddhist philosophy 236–243 argument by method of inference, in later action (karma) 241–242 Mohist philosophy 129–130, 133 and Daoist philosophy 244 argumentation apologetic texts 246–247 Chinese philosophy 15–17 bodhisattva 243 later Mohist philosophy 113 Brahmanic infl uences 241 Mohist philosophy 69 concept matching (geyi) 245–246 role of language (see also Daoist concept of existence 239, 241 philosophy, role of language) 56 craving 237–238 Baijia zhi xue (Hundred Schools eightfold noble path 238, 241 of Learning) 3, 8 enlightenment 250, 257, 261, 263–264, Ban Biao 204 265–266 Ban Gu 211–212 extra-sensory perception 237, 240 basic disposition (zhi) 27 extra-sensory phenomena 236 bian (discrimination) fourfold noble truth 237–238 later Mohist philosophy 126 Hinayanist infl uences 243, 250, 258 Mohist philosophy 67, 68 ignorance 237 Zhuangzi 149, 154 interdependence (see also causality) bian (disputation) 9 259–261 Bianzhe 112, 125–128, 136 Jainist infl uences 236, 241 Mozi 56, 68 Mahayanist tradition 243, 250, 256, 257 300 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84646-2 - An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy Karyn L. Lai Index More information Index 301 meditation 237, 253, 261 Confucian paradigmatic person (junzi) middle-path approaches 240, 249, 19, 23, 49–51 254–255, 256, 268 independent of contemporary norms Nirvana 242 49–50 paradigmatic person (arahant) 238 Confucian philosophy paradoxes in Chan (gongan) 266–267 contexts of social engagement 31 rebirth (samsara) 236, 242 cultivation of skills 15, 24, 49–51 suffering 237 education 35 Theravadin tradition 243, 250 family relationships 8, 21, 23, 24 translation into Chinese 244–246 loyalty 9, 21, 24 Upanisadic infl uences 236, 239, 240 meritocracy 45 yoga practices 253, 255 music 28, 49 refi nement (wen) 27 causality refl ection (si) 41, 50 Buddhist philosophy 239–241, 242 shame 51 Chinese philosophy 276 zhong (commitment, being one’s best) 23 later Mohist philosophy 131–132 Confucianism, Han 2, 212 Zhuangzi 167 Confucians, as traditionalists (see also Ru) change (see also Yijing) 10–11, 223 19 anticipation of 11, 224–226, 228 Confucius 1, 19, 35 constant and ceaseless 223, 230 consciousness, in Buddhist philosophy 236, inevitability of 14, 78, 89 241–242, 253–255, 264 Chinese philosophy 1–17, 272–276 context (environment) and intellectual history 16, 136, 204 importance of 6, 12, 213 characteristics 4–17 place of humanity 8 contemporary signifi cance 273 convention (see also Daoist philosophy, development of 1, 55 against convention) 5, 97, 103, 108 empirical character 12, 128 and language use 111 human nature 37 correlative thinking (see also ganying) 10, interpretive approach 14, 220–223 212–228 cosmological thinking (see also Yijing) 7, refl ective enquiry 17, 220, 273 210–211 Civil Service Examinations 5, 35, 193 collectivist focus, Confucian philosophy dao 13, 93 (see also individualist and collectivist, all-embracing 9, 216 and Mohist philosophy) 32, 48 and de 85–89 complementation (see also opposites) 13 as power 85–86 Confucian and Mohist (Ru-Mo) debates chang dao (unchanging, absolute dao) 7, 8–9, 55–56, 60–69, 125, 145–146 74–75 Confucian government 7 ineffability 74–75, 102 accountability 47–49 intuitive grasp of 5, 104 attention to socio-political likened to uncarved wood 75, 103 infrastructure 47 method 94 commitment to people 47 nameless 74–75 cultivated person as practitioner of origin 75, 76 good government 5, 35, 47–49 principle 76 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84646-2 - An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy Karyn L. Lai Index More information Index302 dao (cont.) Dong Zhongshu 206 teaching 94 dualism (see also opposites) 13 way (path) 71–72, 93–94 Zhuangzi 160 ecology, ecological thinking 31 Dao-de School 4 environment (see context) Daodejing (or Dao De Jing) 7, 71–72, 73, 102 natural, in Daoist philosophy as a primitivist tract 97, 100 79–80, 86, 104 discussed by Han Fei 184 epistemological questions, in Zhuangzi’s Guodian version 71 philosophy 145–152, 166 Mawangdui version 71 epistemology Daoism Daoist philosophy 104 philosophical 5 later Mohist philosophy 128 religious 5 ethical scepticism, in Zhuangzi’s Daoist philosophy 9 philosophy 155–156 against anthropocentricism 9, 78 ethics Chinese philosophy 5–6, 273–275 against convention 72, 95, 98, 99, 103, Confucian philosophy 31 105, 156, 158, 163 Zhuangzi (see also Ziran and Wuwei) complementation 13 166–167 disagreement with Confucian philosophy 95–97 fa (penal law), in Legalist philosophy 40, individual in contextual environment 88 175–178 infant metaphor 104 fa (standard) 9, 174–175 overturning existing norms/convention Legalist philosophy 176–177, 184 5, 81, 83, 105, 156 Mohist philosophy 63–69, 111, 127 responsiveness 108 fa san fa, three standards (see Mohist reversion (fan) 81 philosophy) role of language 95–97 Fa Zang 257–261 role of language in instilling attitudes feminine, in Daoist philosophy 104 96–97 feminist ethic of care 31 simplicity (pu) 102, 104 fi lial piety (xiao) 24 submissiveness 105 Five Classics (Wu Jing) of Confucianism 200, telos 103 206–207 vacuity 101 Four Books (Si Shu) of Confucianism 36, 212 withdrawal from life 97–98 Daojia (dao school, or dao doctrine) 73 Ganying (mutual resonance) 10, 13–14, Daojiao (dao religion) 73 83–84, 218–219 de Gaozi 37 power, integrity 84–87, 554 giant bird (peng) and the cicada, in virtue 51, 84–85 Zhuangzi 146–147 Deng Xi 114 Gongsun Longzi 114 litigation 114 Gongsun Long 40, 43, 118–123, 136, 142 Dialecticians (see Bianzhe) metaphysics 118–122 dichotomy, dissolution of 82 universals 121 diversity (see plurality) White Horse debate 118–123 divination (see Yijing) growth and birth, sheng 75 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84646-2 - An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy Karyn L. Lai Index More information Index 303 Guan Zhong 162, 172, 175 inner–outer (nei–wai) debate 27 Guanzi 145, 162 interdependent self 8, 10, 49 Confucian philosophy 32, 49 Han Fei 172, 173, 174, 184–186 Daoist philosophy 107 Han Fei Zi (or Han Fei Tzu) 174 Han thought 203 Ji Zang 252–253 Happy Fish Debate, in Zhuangzi 152–154 Jianai (see Mohist philosophy) harmony 8–10 Jixia 16, 40 and change 11 Junzi (see Confucian paradigmatic person) Daoist philosophy 9 health 210–211, 217, 221–222, 229 know-how heart–mind (see xin) later Mohist philosophy 129 heaven (tian) 7 Zhuangzi 153, 157 Mohist philosophy 58, 65 knowledge heaven and earth 209, 215–216 Buddhist philosophy 237–238 Daoist philosophy 76, 78 Daoist philosophy 102–103, 167–168 heaven and humanity later Mohist philosophy 113, 128–129, 133 Confucianism 45–47 Legalist philosophy 194 Daoist philosophy 100 Mohist philosophy 68 Mencius 37, 38–39 skill of an intuitive nature (knack), in Xunzi 47 Zhuangzi 154, 157–159, 161, 163–164 Yang Zhu 46 knowledge, objects of (in later Mohist Zhongyong 45 philosophy) 128–129 heaven, earth and humanity Kumarajiva (Jiumoluoshi) 249, 251 Confucian philosophy 7, 13, 206, 214–215 Daoist philosophy 13 language 275–276 Yijing 202 language and reality holistic perspective 10, 12–13, 214–215 later Mohist philosophy 111, 136–137 Hu Shih 125 Zhuangzi 148–149, 159, 166 Huainanzi 145, 164, 208, 209–210 Lao-Zhuang philosophy 142 Huangdi Neijing 211 Laozi 72, 73 Huang-Lao philosophy (see also Legalist later Mohist Canons 123–125 philosophy) 144, 173, 181–182, 205–206 later Mohist philosophy (see also Hui Neng 262–266 argument by appeal to authority and Hui Shi 114, 115–118, 127, 136 argument by method of inference) in debate with Zhuangzi 152–154 113, 123–139 paradoxes 115–118 compound names 129–131 human nature ke-buke (admissible, not admissible) 126 Confucian philosophy (see also Mencius, lei (a particular kind) 127–128 Xunzi) 36 necessity (bi) 132–133 Confucian–Legalist debates 186–187 ran-buran (so, not-so) 126 impartial adjudicator (privileged observer), role of explanation (shuo) 128 criticised in Zhuangzi 146, 147 shi-fei (this, not-this) 126, 134 individual and whole 8, 88 tong-yi (same, different) 126–127 individualist and collectivist 7–8, 104 universal concern (jianai) 130, 134–136 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84646-2 - An Introduction to Chinese Philosophy Karyn L. Lai Index More information Index304 leadership and music 26 Confucianism 5 and relationships 26 Daoist philosophy 93–94 and ren (see ren and li) learning as conduit for feeling 29 and morality 5 concrete instantiation 25 Confucian philosophy (see also self normative codes of conduct 25 religious ritual