Optical fibre submarine GREENLAND systems D N ALASKA A (USA) ICELAND L Umeå N Vestmannaeyjar BOTNIA I Vaasa F Faroes SWEDEN Rauma RUSSIA 6 x 622 Turku Hallstavik Whittier Valdez Karst 2 + 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s Norrtälje Kingisepp Seward Tallin NORWAY ESTONIA U N Lena I 2 x 560 LATVIA CANTAT-3 T point AC-1 E DENMARK CANADA D Westerland LITHUANIA Northstar 2 x 4 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s TAT-14 K I N REP. OF IRELAND G BELORUSSIA TAT-10 2 + 1 x 560 D S D Norden/ N O LA Grossheide ER POLAND M TH NE GERMANY Gemini North 2 x 6 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s BELGIUM CZECH Dieppe REP. Port UKRAINE Alberni NPC 3 + 1 x 420 St Brieuc SLOVAK REP. M O KAZAKHSTAN L FRANCE D Seattle AC-1 AUSTRIA A V TPC-5 2 x 5 Gbit/s HUNGARY I Tillamook PTAT-1 3 + 1 x 420 Gbit/s SWITZ. I A A Odessa DM) x 2.5 St Hilaire de Riez SLOVEN 2 x 6 (W MONGOLIA i South FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s emin CROATIA ROMANIA Pacific G Y I U Novorossijsk City Pennant Point HERZEGOVINABOSNIA- G s T O 2.5 SochiGbit/s PC-1 Medway Harbour Gbit/ S x 5 L TAT-11 3 DxM 560) A Varna Shirley x 3 (W A V Nakhodka TAT-12 2 x 3 (WDM) x 5 Gbit/s 2 I GEORGIA Ishikati TAT-13 A BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Rhode Island F L PC-1 L ALBANIA Poti A KYRGYZSTAN N Long Island G Y TAT-9 2 + 1 x 560 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN New York MACEDONIA TURKMENISTAN NORTH Bandon TAT-8 2 x 280 Istanbul KOREA FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s Azores SPAIN E R-J-K C 2 x 560 0 EE 6 R 5 G Dalian A CANUS-1 TAT-14 PORTUGAL TURKEY JIH CableProject Japan-US Manasquan Lisbon UNITED STATES 3x TAJIKISTAN Point Sesimbra PC-1 Arena Tuckerton Marmaris Yantaï SOUTH P TPC-4 2 x 560 A S Naoetsu Bizerte E Taean KOREA PTAT-1 Algiers S A Qingdao E - PC-1 PC-1 Atlantica-1 A M A FRIC - E- SYRIA 2 x 560 Pusan Tokyo San Tetouan M W FLAG Luis E- E 3 CHINA J O W Kohung Obispo EURA E 2 AFGHANISTAN C Casablanca IRAN Cheju Sasebo LEBANON TUNISIA IRAQ C Chongming Miyazaki Bermuda Port ISRAEL MAC Said Tijuana Alexandria Shanghai China-US 4 x 8 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s Atlantica-1 KUWAIT 1 x 280 TPC-3 Japan-US Kuwait JORDAN APC 3 x 560 SAT-3 / WASC Suez FOG 2 x 4 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s Columbus-3 1 x 2 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s NEPAL /s MOROALGERIA CARAC 1 x 420 BHUTAN LIBYA Okinawa Japan-US 2 x 16 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s Southern Cross West Palm Beach Canary Bahrain Fujairah PAKISTAN 2x5 Gbit Hollywood 2 x 4 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s Islands 2 x 140 Jask H-J-K Americas-1 2 MACx 520 EGYPT QATAR Karachi Taipei MEXICO / s A Gbit R 2.5 C HAW-5 2 x 560 x O BANGLADESH 6 S Ruwais AG TPC-5 PAC 1 1 SAUDI TPC-5 S 6 FL HAW-4 3 x 280 O x 2. U. A. E. Shenzhen C 5 Gb 3 x 560 ARABIA Mazatian R CUBA it/s Muscat INDIA Shantou A WESTERN Jeddah TPC-3 3 x 280 2 SAHARA Hong Kong NORTHERN - s Zhuhai 1 x 420 MARIANAS Cancún Columbus-2 i MAYA 1 2 x 3 (WDM) t n Mumbai BURMA 2.5 Gbit/s CJFS a l Santo t LAOS 3 x 280 x 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s A Domingo TPC-3 MAURITANIA it/s Southern Cross 20 Gbit/s (WDM) Cayman HAITI San Tortola OMAN Gb Juan .5 GPT 3 x 280 China-US 4 x 8 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s Kingston St. Thomas MALI 2 BELIZE 0 x A HAWAIIAN 1 x 140 6 L A NIGER 5 Pyapon A 1 x 622 ISLANDS t ECFS x l Manila M ARCOS 1 Dakar E a SENEGAL ERITREA 2 x 5 Gbit/s 3 x 280 T n 2 6 x 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 x 6 TCS-1 6 x 2.5 Gbit/s A Puerto t YEMEN TPC-5 2 x 5 Gbit/s GU i CHAD THAILAND Batangas Guam CortesHONDURAS 1 ARCOS c 1 x 140PAC a- SUDAN 1 2 GAMBIA P FLAG M EL Atlantica-1 - Gbit/s Bangkok H T SALVADOR SAC 2 x 10 Aden A Da A T PAC Venezuela BURKINA N Nang E I S NICARAGUA L L SEA-ME-WE 3 2 x 8 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s CAMBODIA T I GUINEA- C Domestic E I BISSAU I P 1 + 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s Djibouti V SEA-ME-WE 3 H P Puerto I L GUINEA Sihanoukville P 6 PLDT 140 COSTALimon Caracas x SEA-ME-WE 2 I RICA Cochin s 2 Barranquilla Trinidad / N Camuri NIGERIA . PAC Carúpano Vung it 5 Cabimas BENIN b G Colon SAC 2 x 10 Gbit/s Tau b Butuan E P A Panama SIERRA G it M /s A N A Atlantica-1 A LEONE it/s 5 S m IVORY ETHIOPIA Gb x TOGO SRI VENEZUELA er .5 2 ic COAST LANKA x 2 a LIBERIA CENTRAL ) N s- Colombo DM C GUYANA 1 AFRICAN REPUBLIC (W P 2 GHANA x 8 A 3 2 PACRIM EAST 2 x 560 GUINEA x E s A 5 ME-W it/ m 2 SEA- Gb FR. e 0 CAMEROON x 5 Brunei ri 2 Medan Penang ca LAG Buenaventura s F SURINAM Atlantica-1-2 Mersing 8 COLOMBIA x EQUAT. 2 GUINEA SOMALIA .5 SARAWAK G b Singapore PACRIM WEST 2 x 560 it /s KENYA GABON PACKET 1 CONGO UGANDA Biak ECUADOR DEMOCRATIC 2 x 560 BORNEO Sorong Saliras SAT-3 / WASC BRAZZAVILLE RWA NDA Jayapura REPUBLIC OF Banjarmasin Ambon P A CONGO BURUNDI N Fortaleza A M Ujung SAC 2 x 10 Gbit/s 1 x 280 PERU Jakarta Pandang PAPUA 2 TANZANIA PACKET 2 NEW x Natal Surabaya 2 GUINEA . 5 Bali SAT-2 2 x 560 MALAYSIA G BRAZIL b i SOLOMON ) t / M s 5 ISLANDS 6 D 5 W Porto Segura x ( 1 ANGOLA s / Lurin + MALAWI t i 4 E b JASURAUS 1 x 5 Gbit/s c Southern Cross 20 Gbit/s (WDM) G i U Sao Mateus t 0 s ZAMBIA e Q 2 I m s o B s o D SAFE r BOLIVIA l M i C z A S a n r Z E r B A e O - SAC 2 x 10 Gbit/s h Arica M s ZIMBABWE M t / FIJI u t E VANUATU i o - b S G Harare W 5 E . 3 2 NAMIBIA Reunion Port Hedland PARAGUAY x Mauritius ) 2 M x D BOTSWANA 8( W NEW Rio de Janeiro ( W CALEDONIA 4 D MADAGASCAR M E Santos x 2 ) x 2 AUSTRALIA 2 . s- 5 ti SWAZILAND G n b a i l t t / s L A A Florianopolis Durban SAC 2 x 10 Gbit/s SOUTH LESOTHO N AFRICA I I Perth URUGUAY Melkbosstrand Valparaiso SAC 2 x 10 Gbit/s Maldonado UNISUR 2 x 560 Cape Town H Montevideo SAFE Sydney T TASMAN-2 3 x 560 Las Toninas Auckland N TASMAN-3 Systems supplied by Alcatel C D 6 x 622 E N Systems supplied jointly by A Alcatel and others L G Other manufacturers’ systems R Circle denotes an underwater NEW ZEA branching unit A Broken line indicates system FALKLAND under construction ISLANDS Shantou Fangshan RIOJA HONTAI-2 Planned systems Hong Kong Karst 1 x 420 s Beihai Macau / China-US 8 x 2.5 Gbit/s t i TAT-11 H-J-K 1 x 280 b Arendal Odessa G St. Hilaire de Riez 3 x 280 AC-1 5 . Lysekil 2 Kristiansand ODIN Unless otherwise stated, capacities show TAT-10 TAT-9 2 + 1 x 560 Lingao 2 x x 2 x 2.5 Gbit/s TAT-14 565 number of fibre pairs and bit rate in Mbit/s 1 + Vastervik 2 Hjørring 2 x 140 Rijeka Da 3 Genoa Constanta - Visby Savona Pyapon Nang 3 T Thisted 22 E 2 x 5 Gbit/s 3 + 1 x 420 A Monaco 6 ) 3 x 280 W T Marseille - x M © Alcatel Submarine Networks 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999.3/4 N G CC4 Split D E A 0 56 A Rodiles Varna 2 W M C L Santander ( - ODIN x CC5 s 2 F bit/ A Batangas sia Dubrovnik S BS- 2.5 G E 6 x us 1 x 280 O 5 FOCS 2 x S R TAGIDE-2 F k- 1 x 560 56 Bangkok 140 ar A x Chon Buri Dundonald m K 0 T en 1 x 560 A 3 Blaabjerg Trelleborg 6 E D r Ajaccio R Phet Buri Bang 0 i U 5 L a T 6 I Hua Hin I Glasgow n Copenhagen Barcelona 2 x 2.5 Gbit/s Pomezia Lamung x s 5 C e / 0 Maade Igneada 2 it x P 8 H Portpatrick x 2 Rønne 2 2 Istanbul Prachuap 1 x 560 b 2 4 3 x 280 Bari Durrës I A 2 G RK L A 2 x 140 Golfo Sihanoukville M D 5 6 PLDT 140 EN Westerland 6 x 140 x 3 x 280 x 3 Minorca -D Aranci 3 x 280 R Champhon H x P APC 3 x 560 x Belfast K 5 - - Douglas Millom U I A 2 PENBAL-3 V 2 6 Vung Cochin Ranong 6 x 565 - M .