FirstFirst Nations,Nations, Métis,Métis, andand IInuitnuit PresencePresence InIn OurOur Schools:Schools: A CulturalCultural RResourceesource AnishinaabeAnishinaabe BimaadiziwinBimaadiziwin Gikinoo’maadiiwigamigoonGikinoo’maadiiwigamigoon MichifMichif à NotreNotre ÉcoleÉcole WorkingWorking Document,Document, EditionEdition 4 20182018 i Table of Contents Dedication Acknowledgements 1 1 12 45-56 Everyday Usage of Terms Regarding Identification First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI )Knowledge, Traditions, and Ceremonies 2 Circle Traditions and Teachings 3 Seven Gifts of the Grandfathers First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI ) Presence Sacred Medicines Used in Ceremony (Four Sacred Plants) in Our Schools Smudging Ceremony Ojibwe Clan System Code of Ethics 3 5-6 National Aboriginal Day Ensuring Success for Schools Louis Riel Day Powley Day 4 7 13 57-65 Background First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI ) in the Curriculum Best Practices 5 9-11 What Matters in Indigenous Education: Implementing a Vision Committed to Holism, Diversity, and Engagement│ Pamela Toulouse First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI ) Education Greeting and ' anking Traditional Visitors 6 13-16 14 67-68 Creating a Welcoming Environment Walking With Our Sisters 7 17 15 69-76 Language with Lawrence Baxter Residential Schools 8 19-23 16 77-81 Cultural Language: Selected Conversational About Treaties and General Phrases 17 83-84 9 25-28 Communities in Ontario Terminology 18 85-96 10 29-34 Resources First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI ) in Canada 11 35-44 Brief Overview of Aboriginal Historic Timelines and Contact in North America First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Presence In Our Schools: A Cultural Resource││ Anishinaabe Bimaadiziwin Gikinoo’maadiiwigamigoon Michif à Notre École ii Dedication The Aboriginal Education Advisory Committee dedicates kindness that you have shared with us on this journey will carry us this book to former members and friends Agnes Hardy, forward as we continue to support our Aboriginal students, as we work with all of the teachers in our board that share their classrooms Sylvia O'Mearaand Robert McKay . with students every day, and as we continue to grow and create new relationships with communities and our community partners. To our dear friends who have passed on from this world to the next, know that you are forever in our minds and hearts. The wisdom and Giga-waabamin menawaa. See you again. Elder Agnes Hardy Elder Sylvia O'Meara Senator Robert McKay The original call for student art that would The image struck a distinctive chord with jury member Chris represent the Aboriginal Education Sutherland. In describing the image, Sutherland states, commitment here at Lakehead Public "I feel that this drawing is not only creative, but is a beautifully Schools was answered with a dramatic executed statement. The .rst thing to catch my eye is the turtle and energetic voice. Students from and its connection to the sun. Lakehead Public Schools made the work of three jurors, Louise Thomas, Elliot Doxtater This is a very traditional image in Native art as the turtle represents and Chris Sutherland very difficult. An image inspired by the art of North America (Turtle Island). I am then drawn to the centre where a McKellar ParkPublic School student Cairan Carson was chosen to canoe with an adult and two children in it hovers like a represent Aboriginal Presence in Our Schools. Notable second place pictograph on a cliff wall. I like the fact that both the adult and the art was entered by Kylee Elvish and Honourable Mention went to smallest child are paddling. Austin Fenelon both of Nor'wester View School. I feel that this illustrates the importance of leadership and the need for youth to be shown the right way, and to be led by example.” First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Presence In Our Schools: A Cultural Resource││ Anishinaabe Bimaadiziwin Gikinoo’maadiiwigamigoon Michif à Notre École iii Acknowledgements Lakehead Public Schools and Thunder Bay are located on the Our lives should always be an example for those who have come into our traditional territory of the Ojibwe people of Fort William First Territory - whose understanding of the interconnected nature of beings is Nation, signatory to the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850. We not reflective of the needs of Mother Earth, and whose teachings are not acknowledge all of the First Nation, Métis and Inuit who reside in the same. By using the Sacred Teachings as the guide to the direction we this territory and across our Nation, we are committed to moving must travel, KZA-GBFN will move forward in a good way, along with forward in the spirit of reconciliation and respect for all LDSB and WFN Citizens, with love, respect, courage, honesty, wisdom, Canadians. humility and truth as our compass as we journey together on the Good Path. Lakehead Public Schools includes two remote schools. Armstrong Elementary School is located on the traditional territory of the The activities associated with the transference of knowledge and skills from Elders to Youth and the practice of teaching life skills and gaining Ojibwe people of Whitesand First Nation and Kiashke Zaaging abilities and experiences, or ‘education’, represents the beginning of a Anishinaabek signatory to the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850. new and improved positive relationship between Indigenous People and Bernier-Stokes School is located in Collins and it is located on the the visitors to our Territory as we seek reconciliation. traditional territory of the Ojibwe people of Namaygoosisagagun First Nation. On behalf of the citizens of Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek – Gull Bay First Nation, those who are alive today to act as witness, those who have Submitted by Scott Carle, WFN passed on and now journey with the Creator, and those who are yet to The Ojibwe people have been known by all other tribes they’ve come, I offer thanks to the Lakehead District School Board, its Executives encountered throughout millennial as fierce warriors and leaders. and Board, Armstrong Public School principal/teachers and resource Armstrong Public School, where we have proud and wise leaders, is staff for your continued support of our Nation’s most precious resource – located on the traditional territory of the Ojibwe people of Whitesand our Youth. You have helped to encourage and nurture our young Citizens First Nation & Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek signatory to the Robinson and given them tools they will carry forward with them into the future. Superior Treaty of 1850. We are committed to moving forward Mamawe (together). The land on which we gather, teach and reside on is the This resource book primarily uses eastern Ojibwe syllabics, spelling, traditional territory of the Anishinaabek. and Roman orthography to recognize and respect the language of the Ojibwe people who traditionally reside in this area. The choice of Approved for submission by Chief Wilfred King, KZA-GBFN syllabics and Ojibwe language present in this text represent just one Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek is the Anishinaabemowin name for the of the many rich dialects of the Ojibwe people in Northwestern Indigenous People of the area near Lake Nipigon / Lake Superior. Chief Ontario. The language of the Métis is Michif. Michif developed from Mishe-Muckqua signed the Robinson Superior Treaty on September 7, European language and several different First Nation languages and 1850 on behalf of the Indigenous People who were known to the Crown you will see a sample of this language later in this book. as the Lake Nipigon Band of Indians. Just as we acknowledge those who came before us, we would like to As Anishinaabe (Ojibwe), Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek – Gull Bay First acknowledge Denise Baxter, the original author of this document, Nation had a well-established way of life, social and governance and to the contributing editorial work of Carolyn Chukra and Dr. Amy structures, cultures and economies that existed for thousands of years Farrell-Morneau. Marsi to the Métis Nation of Ontario and its prior to the arrival of the Europeans in their territory – the Land to which members Wanda Botsford,MNO Education Officer, and Bryanna our Citizens have been the original and rightful Stewards since time Scott, past President of theMNO Thunder Bay Métis Council, for their immemorial. As for our part as Indigenous people, we not only have a many wonderful suggestions to improving the 4th edition of this connection to the land, but a responsibility to act as its Caretaker on book and making it more inclusive of the Métis people. We thank behalf of all living things for Seven Generations. Leanna Marshall, organizer withWalking With Our Sisters for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Presence In Our Schools: A Cultural Resource││ Anishinaabe Bimaadiziwin Gikinoo’maadiiwigamigoon Michif à Notre École providing the section included here. In previous editions, we saw the This cultural resource is in no way comprehensive of the history and generosity of many who devoted many hours to reviewing and traditional teachings of Aboriginal peoples in Ontario and Canada, offering their expertise: Thank you to Evelyn J. Baxter (B.A.,LL .B.) but every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, currency, and (Adjudicator, Independent Assessment Process), Thunder Bay Indian reliability of the content and the Aboriginal languages included Friendship Centre, Ron Kanutski, Lawrence Baxter, Charlotte herein. Lakehead Public Schools accepts no responsibility in that Neckoway, Simon Frogg, Ann Taylor, Elmer Baxter, Aboriginal regard. The nature of the information contained in this document Education Advisory Committee members and Lakehead Public lends itself to regular revision and updating. New ways to more Schools' administrators for their assistance in the development of clearly convey Aboriginal peoples information and issues to staff will this document. Giitchi Miigwetch to Dr. John O'Meara (Dean, Faculty arise and at that time may be presented to the First Nations, Métis, of Education, Lakehead University), Bruce Beardy (Coordinator, Native and Inuit Liaison Officer in writing for consideration.