MINISTRY OF ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND SUBSURFACE USE SGE “ZAKHIDUKRGEOLOGIYA” STATE GEOLOGICAL MAP OF UKRAINE Scale 1:200 000 CARPATHIAN SERIES MAP SHEETS М-34-ХХIX (Snina), M-34-XXXV (Uzhgorod), L-34-V (Satu Mare) EXPLANATORY NOTES Designed by: B.V.Matskiv, B.D.Pukach, Yu.V.Kovalyov, V.M.Vorobkanych Carpathian Series map sheet Editor-in-Chief: S.S.Kruglov Editor: V.V.Kuzovenko Expert of Scientific-Editorial Council: G.D.Dosyn (Lviv Branch of UkrSGRI) English translation (2008): B.I.Malyuk Kyiv – 2001 (2008) State geological map of Ukraine. Scale 1:200 000. Carpathian Series. Map sheets М-34-ХХІX (Snina), M-34-XXXV (Uzhgorod), L-34-V (Satu Mare). Explanatory notes. – 90 pages, 3 figures, 2 annexes. Authors: B.V.Matskiv, B.D.Pukach, Yu.V.Kovalyov, V.M.Vorobkanych Carpathian Series map sheet Editor-in-Chief: S.S.Kruglov Editor: V.V.Kuzovenko Expert of Scientific-Editorial Council G.D.Dosyn (Lviv Branch of UkrSGRI) English translation (2008) B.I.Malyuk, Doctor of Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, UkrSGRI In the Explanatory notes the data on stratigraphy, magmatism, tectonics, history of geological development, geomorphology, hydrogeology, mineral resources and regularities of their distribution for the map sheets Snina, Uzhgorod and Satu Mare within Ukraine are presented. The perspectives for discovery of the ore and non-ore mineral resources, drinking, mineral and thermal waters are evaluated, brief description of ecologo- geological environment in the area is given, the list of disputable problems is provided. The lists of all discovered deposits and occurrences are presented in the annexes. Key words: Eastern Carpathians, scale 1:200 000, Trans-Carpathian Depression. © B.V.Matskiv et al, 2001 (2008) © UkrSGRI, 2001 (2008) 2 CONTENTS Abbreviations used in the text ................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. STUDY DEGREE............................................................................................................................................... 7 2. STRATIFIED UNITS ......................................................................................................................................... 9 LOWER TECTONIC FLOOR ......................................................................................................................... 12 P a l e o z o i c e r a t h e m e ........................................................................................................................ 12 Devonian-Carboniferous Systems undivided.......................................................................................... 12 M e s o z o i c e r a t h e m e ......................................................................................................................... 12 Triassic System ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Triassic and Jurassic Systems undivided................................................................................................. 12 Jurassic System ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems undivided ........................................................................................... 13 Cretaceous System .................................................................................................................................. 14 C e n o z o i c e r a t h e m e ......................................................................................................................... 17 Paleogene System ................................................................................................................................... 17 Paleogene-Neogene Systems undivided.................................................................................................. 22 UPPER (THRUSTED) TECTONIC FLOOR................................................................................................... 23 C e n o z o i c e r a t h e m e ......................................................................................................................... 23 Neogene System...................................................................................................................................... 23 Quaternary System.................................................................................................................................. 28 3. VOLCANISM ................................................................................................................................................... 32 Volcanic complexes of Sarmatian volcano-structures...................................................................................... 32 Volcanic complexes of Pontian volcano-structures.......................................................................................... 33 Volcanic complexes of Dakian-Rumunian volcano-structures......................................................................... 34 4. INTRUSIVE ROCKS........................................................................................................................................ 38 Sarmatian intrusive rocks ................................................................................................................................. 38 Pannonian-Pontian intrusive rocks ................................................................................................................... 39 Dakian-Rumunian intrusive rocks .................................................................................................................... 41 5. TECTONICS..................................................................................................................................................... 43 External Carpathians......................................................................................................................................... 43 Internal Carpathians.......................................................................................................................................... 45 6. HISTORY OF GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................... 49 7. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND RELIEF-FORMING PROCESSES .................................................................... 54 7.1. Region of Carpathian mountain system..................................................................................................... 54 7.2. Region of polygenic relief in Trans-Carpathian Trough............................................................................ 56 8. HYDROGEOLOGY.......................................................................................................................................... 58 9. MINERAL RESOURCES AND REGULARITIES IN THEIR DISTRIBUTION ........................................... 62 9.1. Combustible minerals ................................................................................................................................ 62 9.2. Metallic mineral resources......................................................................................................................... 62 9.3. Non-metallic mineral resources................................................................................................................. 66 9.4. Underground waters................................................................................................................................... 68 9.5. Regularities in distribution of mineral resources ....................................................................................... 69 10. EVALUATION OF THE TERRITORY PERSPECTIVES............................................................................ 72 11. ECOLOGO-GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS........................................................................................... 74 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................................... 76 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................... 77 Annexes................................................................................................................................................................. 79 Annex 1. List of deposits and occurrences indicated in the maps of mineral resources of map sheets М-34-ХХІX (Snina), M-34-XXXV (Uzhgorod), and L-34-V (Satu Mare). Compiled by B.D.Pukach........... 79 Annex 2. List of deposits and occurrences indicated in the geological map and map of mineral resources in Quaternary units of map sheets М-34-ХХІX (Snina), M-34-XXXV (Uzhgorod), and L-34-V (Satu Mare). Compiled by Yu.V.Kovalyov, V.M.Vorobkanych ........................................................................................... 88 3 Abbreviations used in the text CSF - conventionally-safe factor Derzhgeolkarta-200 - the State Geological Map in the scale 1:200 000 DGM-50 - Deep Geological Mapping in the scale 1:50 000 GM-50 – Geological Mapping in the scale