DISASTER SELF-PROTECTION DISASTER SELF-PROTECTION 1 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Citizens ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Citizens ........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 The Project .................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 The Project .................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 References .................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 References .................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Definitions ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Definitions ................................................................................................................. 10 2 Marks ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2 Marks ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1. Experienced by the citizens ............................................................................. 13 2.1. Experienced by the citizens ............................................................................. 13 Risk representation by the citizens ........................................................... 13 Risk representation by the citizens ........................................................... 13 Citizen experience of emergency situations........................................ 14 Citizen experience of emergency situations........................................ 14 Citizen education ................................................................................................. 16 Citizen education ................................................................................................. 16 Weak communication ....................................................................................... 17 Weak communication ....................................................................................... 17 Shifts citizens/experts/authorities .............................................................. 20 Shifts citizens/experts/authorities .............................................................. 20 Uncertain behavioural change .................................................................... 21 Uncertain behavioural change .................................................................... 21 An actual snapshot ............................................................................................ 22 An actual snapshot ............................................................................................ 22 2.2. Institution contributions.................................................................................... 23 2.2. Institution contributions.................................................................................... 23 Governments .......................................................................................................... 23 Governments .......................................................................................................... 23 The European Commission ............................................................................ 25 The European Commission ............................................................................ 25 National Red Cross Societies ....................................................................... 26 National Red Cross Societies ....................................................................... 26 2.3. Experts perspectives ............................................................................................ 27 2.3. Experts perspectives ............................................................................................ 27 3 Recommendations - Proposals ..................................................................................... 29 3 Recommendations - Proposals ..................................................................................... 29 3.1. To define self-protection ................................................................................... 29 3.1. To define self-protection ................................................................................... 29 3.2. To gain a self-protection behaviour ........................................................... 32 3.2. To gain a self-protection behaviour ........................................................... 32 How: a participative approach .................................................................... 33 How: a participative approach .................................................................... 33 Method: a progressive approach ............................................................... 36 Method: a progressive approach ............................................................... 36 Support: information ........................................................................................ 38 Support: information ........................................................................................ 38 Support: training .................................................................................................. 48 Support: training .................................................................................................. 48 What: ......................................................................................................................... 49 What: ......................................................................................................................... 49 Places and calendars ....................................................................................... 52 Places and calendars ....................................................................................... 52 3.3. Particularities for specific groups of citizens ........................................ 53 3.3. Particularities for specific groups of citizens ........................................ 53 Children and teenagers .................................................................................. 54 Children and teenagers .................................................................................. 54 The most vulnerable ......................................................................................... 55 The most vulnerable ......................................................................................... 55 Tourists and migrants ....................................................................................... 56 Tourists and migrants ....................................................................................... 56 3.4. About the kits ........................................................................................................ 57 3.4. About the kits ........................................................................................................ 57 For the home First Aid kit .............................................................................. 57 For the home First Aid kit .............................................................................. 57 For the home disaster kit .............................................................................. 58 For the home disaster kit .............................................................................. 58 3.5. Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 59 3.5. Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 59 Action ........................................................................................................................ 59 Action ........................................................................................................................ 59 Approaches and supports ............................................................................. 60 Approaches and supports ............................................................................. 60 4 Remaining challenges ........................................................................................................ 63 4 Remaining challenges ........................................................................................................ 63 4.1 Local authorities .................................................................................................... 63 4.1 Local authorities .................................................................................................... 63 4.2 Citizens ........................................................................................................................ 67 4.2 Citizens .......................................................................................................................