Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Site Upland Area, Everett,Snohomish County,Washington 

Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Site Upland Area, Everett,Snohomish County,Washington 

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE SITE UPLAND AREA, EVERETT,SNOHOMISH COUNTY,WASHINGTON REDACTED FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION March 25, 2013 Report Number 24976 SWCA/NORTHWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES SEATTLE,WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE SITE UPLAND AREA, EVERETT,SNOHOMISH COUNTY,WASHINGTON Report Prepared for Steve Germiat Aspect Consulting LLC 401 Second Avenue S., Suite 201 Seattle, WA 98104 By Brandy Rinck, Sharon Boswell, and Johonna Shea March 25, 2013 Report Number 24976 REDACTED FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION SWCA/Northwest Archaeological Associates 5418 - 20th Avenue NW, Suite 200 Seattle, Washington 98107 ABSTRACT TheKimberlyͲClarkWorldwide(KͲCWW)uplandareawasdevelopedforhistoricalpulpandpaper manufacturingandtheareaiscontaminatedasaresultoftheindustrialoperations.Theexistingpulp andpapermillwillbedemolishedtopreparetheuplandareaforcleanupandeventuallandusechange. TheDepartmentofEcologyandKͲCWW,Inc.haveexecutedanAgreedOrdertocompletestudies relatedtofuturecleanupaswellasopportunisticinterimactioncleanupactivitiesduringdemolitionof themill.AsrequiredbytheInterimActionPlan,whichisExhibitCtotheAgreedOrder,SWCA EnvironmentalConsultantshasassessedtheprobabilityforencounteringarchaeologicaldepositsor objectsduringcleanupofthecontaminatedKͲCWWuplandarea,concentratingon11areascalledout inopportunisticcleanupplans.Thisassessmentincludesbackgroundinformationonthesettingofthe projectarea,expectationsforburiedculturalresourcesbasedonpreviousinvestigationsinthevicinity, andaGISͲbasedprobabilitymapshowingareaswithlow,medium,andhighpotentialtoharbor significantarchaeologicalmaterialsintheentireKͲCWWUplandprojectarea.Areaswithhigh probabilityforburiedculturalresourceswillbeaddressedduringfutureprojectconstructionanda monitoringanddiscoveryplanwillbedevelopedforuseduringopportunisticcleanup. SWCA/Northwest Archaeological Associates i March 25, 2013 SWCA/Northwest Archaeological Associates ii March 25, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... I LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... V LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 ProjectLocationandDescription..............................................................................................................1 RegulatoryContext...................................................................................................................................1 TribalCoordination...................................................................................................................................5 SETTING ...................................................................................................................................... 5 NaturalSetting..........................................................................................................................................6 Geology.................................................................................................................................................6 Geomorphology....................................................................................................................................8 TheSnohomishRiverDelta...................................................................................................................9 FloraandFauna.....................................................................................................................................9 CulturalSetting.......................................................................................................................................10 Prehistory............................................................................................................................................10 Ethnography........................................................................................................................................11 History.................................................................................................................................................12 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS .................................................................................................. 36 EXPECTATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 38 METHODS .................................................................................................................................. 41 GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 42 Fill............................................................................................................................................................42 HoloceneͲageDeposits...........................................................................................................................50 SENSITIVITY MODELING .......................................................................................................... 51 Landforms...............................................................................................................................................51 SnohomishRiverDelta........................................................................................................................52 Marsh..................................................................................................................................................52 Foreshore............................................................................................................................................52 Beach...................................................................................................................................................53 Backshore............................................................................................................................................53 Upland.................................................................................................................................................53 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 58 SWCA/Northwest Archaeological Associates iii March 25, 2013 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 61 APPENDIX A: CORRESPONDENCE ....................................................................................... A-1 APPENDIX B: CORE LOG SUMMARY .................................................................................... B-1 APPENDIX C: SANBORN MAPS ............................................................................................. C-1 Cover:OverviewofPortGardnerwaterfront,lookingnorthfromapproximatelyHewittAve,showingthe projectarea.PhotographbyR.KingandD.W.Baskerville,takenMarch1,1892.EverettPublic Library,KingandBaskervilleCollection,Image0065. SWCA/Northwest Archaeological Associates iv March 25, 2013 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Project location. ........................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. K-C WW upland project area showing the uplands, tidelands, and mill structures demolished during interim action cleanup efforts. .......................................................................................... 3 Figure 3. Proposed opportunistic cleanup locations in the K-C WW upland area. .................................... 4 Figure 4. Historical H-sheet showing the mean historic shoreline and low water line; note the telegraph office and small structures shown just south of the project area in 1886. ................ 13 Figure 5. GLO plat map from 1869 showing Brigham’s cabin mapped in the southern part of the project area and the telegraph line running through the east edge of the project. ................... 14 Figure 6. Early development in the vicinity of Everett, 1897 and 1911. ................................................... 16 Figure 7. Birdseye view of the project area in 1893, showing the Parminter, Robinson Mill to the north and the Rucker Dock to the south. .................................................................................. 17 Figure 8. Overview of the project vicinity looking southwest from approximately 21st St and Grand Ave, 1892. ................................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 9. The Port Gardner waterfront in 1902. ....................................................................................... 20 Figure 10. Overview of Port Gardner showing the Clark-Nickerson Mill and the Everett Flour Mill, c. 1912. ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 11. Overview of the Clark-Nickerson Mill, c. 1927. ......................................................................... 23 Figure 12. Advertisement showing the Everett Flour Mill, c. 1915. ...........................................................

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