Supplementary materials Table 1. Key Findings. Year of Author Objectives Key Findings Publication Meyer, S.R.; Meyer, To explore the potential influence of Influx impacts food security, hunger, E.; Bangirana, C.; influx of refugees on adolescent well- education access and quality, [112] 2019 Mangen, P.O.; Stark, being from South Sudan and those in psychosocial well-being, safety, L. Uganda violence, and injury. Data show disparity and reported neonatal (3.0 vs. 1.8/1000) and To analyze the infant and neonatal infant (4.5 vs 2.6/1000) mortality mortality rates of Italian and foreign Simeoni, S.; Frova, L.; rates among foreign children [138] 2019 children and to evaluate if there is a De Curtis, M. compared to Italian children. The disparity among geographical macro- infant mortality among children born areas to women coming from Central and South Africa (8.2 /1000) is highest. Vulnerabilities includes material Williams, T.P.; deprivation, poverty, gender To identify protection issues facing [125] Chopra, V.; Chikanya, 2018 inequality, child abuse, transactional female adolescents in refugee camps S.R. sex, and exploitation within and around the camps The challenges include ensuring safety, the diverse backgrounds and To show challenges identified in needs of trafficked children, assistance provision to child victims [126] Warria, A. 2018 matching lifestyle previously of transnational trafficking in South provided by pimps/traffickers, and Africa premature return and reintegration of the children. Somali-specific age estimation model (SM) based on the WM resulted in a slight underestimation To compare the age prediction of age when the sex groups were Metsaniitty, M.; performances of the Willems et al. analysed separately or combined, Waltimo-Siren, J.; model (WM) and the newly developed [183] 2018 with mean error varying between Ranta, H.; Fieuws, S.; model collected from dental 0.04 (standard deviation (SD) 1.01) Thevissen, P. panoramic radiographs from Somali and 0.05 (SD 1.04) years, mean children living in Finland absolute error between 0.77 and 0.80 years and root mean squared error between 1.01 and 1.04 years. Of the 676 children <13 years born Nesheim, S.R.; Linley, To understand the contribution of outside the United States but L.; Gray, K.M.; birthplace to the epidemiology of [50] 2018 diagnosed with HIV infection in the Zhang, T.; Shi, J.; diagnosed HIV infection among US- United States, 443 (65.5%) were Lampe, M. A.; et al born and foreign-born children born in Africa. No statistically significant differences were found in birth anthropometric measurements. CE To compare development and growth were more likely to fail in tests achievements between children of Mor, Z.; Amit Aharon, assessing fine-motor skill, linguistic Eritrean mothers (CE) to children of [156] A.; Sheffer, R.; 2018 and socio-emotional domains than Israeli mothers (CI), and assess their Nehama, H. CI, while no statistical difference compliance to routine follow-up and was found in gross-motor vaccination-timeliness achievements. 74.9% of the CE and 74.1% of the CI completed the vaccination schedule at follow-up. 95% of caregivers were not satisfied To explore refugee caregivers’ with healthcare services delivery to Meyer-Weitz, A.; perceptions of their children’s access their children due to the long waiting [208] Oppong Asante, K.; 2018 to quality health service delivery to hours and the negative attitudes and Lukobeka, B.J. their young children in Durban, South discriminatory behaviours of Africa healthcare workers, particularly in public healthcare facilities. 50.1% had at least one infectious Chiappini, E.; disease. The most common parasitic Zaffaroni, M.; To evaluate the prevalence of infections were Giardia lamblia, [195] Bianconi, M.; 2018 infectious diseases and immunisation Toxocara canis, and skin infections, Veneruso, G.; Grasso, status of children adopted from Africa notably Tinea capitis/corporis and N.; Garazzino, S.; et al Molluscum contagiosum. 15.7% were anemic (25% < 5 years, 8.7% 5–11 years, and 18.3% 12–16 years old), with Somali children To examine the variation among having the lowest hemoglobin levels Beukeboom, C.; Arya, ethnic populations in prevalence of compared to those from Iraq, [88] 2018 N. anemia and vitamin D and B12 Afghanistan, and Myanmar. 53.5% deficiencies among refugee children were vitamin D deficient seen most commonly in Iraqis and Afghans. 11.2% had vitamin B12 levels < 150 pmol/L. Higher perceived group To investigate the associations discrimination was associated with between perceived group higher parent‐ and adolescent‐ Stevens, G.W.; Thijs, [115] 2018 discrimination and several indicators reported internalizing (e.g., fear, J. of psychological well‐being among worries) and externalizing problems Moroccan‐Dutch adolescents (e.g., anger, aggression) but not with lower personal self‐esteem. 81 children were identified as To evaluate the demographic positive for T. violaceum and T. Grigoryan, K.V.; characteristics, treatments, and soudanense. Race/ethnicity of 67 Tollefson, M.M.; [43] 2018 resolution among pediatric patients patients (82.7%) was African. Of 28 Olson, M.A.; with T. violaceum and T. soundance patients not lost to follow-up, Newman, C.C. infections median time to clinical cure was 2.3 months. Strains characterised were all genotype B3. Strains from genotype Ndombo, P.K.; Ndze, To characterise measles virus among B3 found in this outbreak were more V.N.; Mbarga, F.D.; Central African Republic (CAR) similar to those circulating in [33] 2018 Anderson, R.; Acho, refugees during the 2014 measles northern Cameroon in 2010–2011 A.; Ebua Chia, J.; et al epidemic in Cameroon than to MeV strains circulating in the CAR in 2011. Obesity and overweight/obesity rates To examine longitudinal changes in increased among refugees, but Mulugeta, W.; Glick, obesity and overweight/obesity rates significant variations existed. [80] M.; Min, J.; Xue, H.; 2018 among resettled refugees and identify African origin, baseline weight, and Noe, M. F.; Wang, Y. high risk subgroups longer duration of stay in the USA were risk factors. Most elements in drinking water had Aakre, I.; Henjum, S.; higher concentration in zone 2 To explore concentrations of selected Folven Gjengedal, compared to zone 1 exceeded the elements in distributed drinking water [102] E.L.; Risa Haugstad, 2018 WHO guidelines. Among both from households in the Saharawi C.; Vollset, M.; women and children, urinary refugee camps Moubarak, K.; et al concentration of vanadium, arsenic, selenium, lead, iodine, and uranium exceeded reference values, and most of the elements were significantly higher in zone 2 compared to zone 1. Among the children, 12% were underweight, 33% stunted, and 4% wasted. 2015 children aged under 5 years were vaccinated with oral polio To describe the engagement process vaccines (OPV), of which 264 Bawa, S.; Afolabi, M.; for a transboundary nomadic (13.1%) were zero-dose during the Abdelrahim, K.; population and the interventions February 2016 polio supplemental [199] 2018 Abba, G.; Ningi, A.; provided to improve population immuninization activity (SIA) while, Tafida, S.Y. immunity among them while in the March immunization plus traversing through Nigeria days (IPDs), 1864 were immunized of which 211 (11.0%) were zero- dose. Zwi, K.; Woodland, Social-emotional well-being mostly L.; Williams, K.; To investigate protective factors for improves over time in refugee Palasanthiran, P.; [114] 2018 social-emotional well-being in refugee children. Children with four or more Rungan, S.; Jaffe, A.; children in Australia protective factors are at low risk of et al poor social-emotional well-being. Most children with parasitic infections with eosinophilia were from sub-Saharan Africa (especially Belhassen-Garcia, M.; To describe the importance of relative West Africa) (99, 56.3%), followed Pardo-Lledias, J.; eosinophilia in a cohort of immigrant by North Africa (54, 30.7%) and Perez Del Villar, L.; [62] 2017 children (<18 years) from sub- Latin America (25, 13.0%). The Muro, A.; Velasco- Saharan Africa, North Africa, and findings suggest that relative Tirado, V.; Muñoz Latin America eosinophilia is frequently associated Bellido, J.L.; with helminthic infection in immigrant children from tropical and subtropical areas. To examine differences across Somali children were more likely to racial/ethnic groups in Autism have ASD with intellectual disability Esler, A.N.; Hall- Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms, [162] 2017 than children from all other racial/ Lande, J.; Hewitt, A. cognitive and adaptive skills, and ethnic groups. related behaviors in children from the Somali diaspora Meyer, S.R.; Caregiver depression, gender, and To explore the relationship between Steinhaus, M.; exposure to violence were all caregiver depression and adolescent [111] Bangirana, C.; 2017 associated with higher symptoms of mental health in two refugee Onyango-Mangen, P.; adolescent depression in both sites settlements in Uganda Stark, L. and the full sample. Increased time living in Buduburam improved the chances of EBF Woldeghebriel, M.; To explore the association between the success among Liberians, perhaps as Hromi-Fiedler, A.; amount of time living in Ghana and a result of unique EBF [70] Lartey, A.; Gallego- 2017 exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) education/support opportunities Perez, D.; Sandow, practices among Liberian refugees and offered in the settlement to Liberian A.; et al Ghanaians in surrounding villages refugees that were not readily available to Ghanaians. Teenagers from Morocco living in Montero, M.D.P.; To compare the diet of adolescents of Madrid consumed more calories, Mora-Urda, A.I.; [73] 2017 Moroccan origin living in Spain with proteins, saturated fats, and simple Anzid, K.; Cherkaoui, that of adolescents living in Morocco sugars (p<0.001) than those living in M.; Marrodan, M.D. Morocco. Aakre, I.; Strand, T. To explore whether young children’s The high iodine intake may have A.; Moubarek, K.; developmental status is associated caused the thyroid dysfunction and [204] 2017 Barikmo, I.; Henjum, with thyroid dysfunction in an area of hence the delayed developmental S.