HUMANITARIAN AID AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN JEBEL INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLES CAMP, JUBA COUNTY, CENTRAL EQUATORIA STATE SOUTH SUDAN BY NGUNJOCK CHUOL DOJIOK REG: NO ~MDS/3O151/141/DF A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY KAMPALA UGANDA MAY, 2016 ~ ~ IC DECLARATION “This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree or any other academic award in any university or institution of higher learning”. NGUNJOCK CHUOL DOJTOK (~ /ocf~~~ DATE APPROVAL “I confirm that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under my supervision”. As a supervisor I Dr. CHRISOSTOM OKECH (PHD) Date DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this piece of work to my beloved parents, my late father Mr. Chuol Dojiok Biliew, My late Grand mother Nyaruot Koal and my mother Ms. Nyagon Thon Rom, who brought me up in the best possible way and for the all support they have given to me from my childhood, for without their contribution, this work could have not been possible and I wouldn’t be as I’m today .l’m very gratefhl to them. Also dedicated to my darling wife Akmnpurira Caroline Chuol Dojiok and my children, Buomkuoth, Tethloach, Both and Duoth for all their support and patience for the ‘whole ofthis studies. ‘II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to give Honour and Glory to the Almighty God for the blessing I received from him, knowledge, skill and understanding and for taking care of my family, parents and the rest of relatives while I was away for studies. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr.Chrisostom Okech (PhD) for patiently guiding and correcting me in this study. I greatly appreciate his professional advice and critical analysis, may glory be up on him. My heartfelt gratitude and my special thanks goes to my senior mentor, Dr. Riek Gai Kok, the current Minister of Health, Government of Republic of South Sudan and the former President of Coordinating Council for the ten Southern States, for both financial and moral support he give me, may Almighty God blessed him and his entire families. I wish him success in his political career. My special thanks also goes to my friend and workmate, Mr Ajang Ajang Lino, head of Large Tax payer Unit in the national directorate of taxation, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning government of the Republic of South Sudan for funding this research project, paying a complete one year of my tuition fees and for all the financial support through out my study, May God bless him and his entire families. I would also like to extend my appreciation to my friends, Shalon Tushabe for helping me to print this manuscript, Comrade Rick Bim Top, Dak Kuany Deng, Dak Tap Kuolang for their moral support and the entire colleagues at the College iv of Higher Degree and Research at Kampala International University, Kampala Uganda. I would also like to recognize the effort of the Lecturers of Kampala International University, who made tireless effort of directing, guiding and above all to deliver their services to enable me to complete this two years course at this Institution. Above all, I could not fail to recognize the great effort and contribution of the Government of Republic of Uganda, for creating a conducive environment for the learning throughout my studies in exile. May Almighty God bless the people in Uganda. V TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration I Approval II Dedication III Acknowledgements IV Table Of Contents VI Abstract X ~ 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background Of The Study 1 1.1.1 Historical Background 1 1.1.2 Theoretical Background 5 1.1.3 Conceptual Background 6 1.1.4 Contextual Background 8 1.2 Statement Of The Problem 9 1.3 Purpose Of The Study 11 1.4 Research Objectives 11 1.5 Research Question 12 1.6 Hypothesis 12 vi 1.7 Scope .12 1.8 Significance Of The Study .13 1.9 Operational Definition Of Key Terms 14 Chapter Two 16 LITERATURE REVIEW.~ .. ... 16 2.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 16 2.1 Theoretical Perspective 16 2.2 Conceptual Framework 20 2.3 Related Literature 21 ~~ ,o,000,000n00000000000000000000000000000000n,00000000000000,0000000.,00000,,o,,,,,00, 50 METHODOLOGY ~ 50 3.0 Introduction 50 3.1 Research Design 50 3.3 Research Population 51 3.4 Sample Size 51 3.5 Sampling Procedures 51 3.5.1 Instruments For Data Collection 52 3.5.2primary Sources 52 3.5.3 Secondary Data 53 3.5.6 Questionnaires 53 VII 3.6 Validity Of The Instruments .54 3.7 Reliability Of The Instruments 54 3.8 Data Gathering Procedures 56 3.9 Data Processing 56 3.10 Ethical Consideration 58 3.11 Limitations Of The Study 58 CHAPTER ~ 60 DATA PRESENTAION, ANALYSIS AND RP, ...... 60 4.0. Introduction 60 4.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics Of Respondents 60 4.2 To Establish The Level Of Humanitarian Aid 63 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMEDATIONS ....... ,.76 5.0 Introduction 76 5.2 Conclusion 86 5.3 Recommendations To The International Agencies 88 5.3.1 Humanitarian Assistance Programs 88 5.3.2 Food Security And Livelihood Response 88 5.3.3 Logistics Response 88 5.3.4 Camp Coordination And Shelter/Nfl Response 89 VIII 5.3.5 Recommendation To The Government 90 5.3.6 Recommendation On Poverty Alleviation 91 5.4 Areas For Future Research 92 References 93 Appendix 1 105 Questionaires Of Humanitarian Aid Poverty Alleviation 105 Appendix Ii 106 Informed Consent 106 Demographic Charateristic Of The Respondents 107 Certificate 107 ix ABSTRACT The study explored the effect of humanitarian aid on poverty alleviation in Jebel internally displaced people’s camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan. The study was guided by the following objective (i) To establish the level of Humanitarian Aid in Jebel Internally Displaced peoples Camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan, (ii) To investigate the level of Poverty Alleviation in Jebel Internally Displaced peoples Camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan, (iii)To find out the significant relationship between Humanitarian Aid and Poverty Alleviation in Jebel Internally Displaced peoples Camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan. The researcher used a descriptive correctional design. Data was collected using self administered questionnaires. A sample of 176 was used out of the 314 population. The major findings where level of humanitarian aid was moderate with mean (mean=2.6 1) and the level of poverty eradication was also moderate with mean (mean=2.69), On average, income redistribution was the highly rated with (mean= 2.83), followed by health, food and water at a (mean= 2.71), provision of skills and training (mean 2.65), and lastly education (mean 2.55) respectively. On overall, two (2) out of (20) rated very high equivalent to strongly agree on the rating scale used, fifteen (15) were rated high equivalent to agree on the rating scale used and three (3) were rated low equivalent to disagree on the rating scale used respectively. On the Relationship between Level of humanitarian Aid and level of poverty alleviation in Jebel Internally Displaced peoples Camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan. The Humanitarian Aid and poverty alleviation are significantly correlated (r -0.355).the sig. value indicate that there is positive and significant correlation (sig. = 0.000 <0.05) leading to a conclusion that humanitarian Aid significantly improves poverty alleviation at 5% level of ix significance. The indicate that Humanitarian Aid significantly affects poverty alleviation (F22.290, sig. =0.000). The results indicate that the three constructs of humanitarian Aid included in the regression model contribute over 12% towards variations in all the three aspects of poverty alleviation in Jebel Internally Displaced peoples Camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan (Adjusted R2 0120). The researcher recommended that the funding agencies should maintain a central emergency fund with “notwithstanding capabilities”, dedicated to humanitarian assistance in Jebel internally displaced people’s camp, Juba county, central Equatoria State South Sudan. xi CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1,Olntroduction This chapter consisted of the background of the study, the problem statement, purpose of the study, research objectives, and research question, scope of the study, hypothesis, and significance of the study and the key definition of terms 1.1 Background of the study Lii Historical background The beginnings of organized international humanitarian aid can be traced to the late 19th century. One of the first such examples occurred in response to the Northern Chinese Famine of 1876—1879, brought about by a drought that began in northern China in 1875 and lead to crop failures in the following years. As many as 10 million people may have died in the famine (Branczik, 2004). British missionary Timothy Richard first called international attention to the famine in Shandong in the summer of 1876 and appealed to the foreign community in Shanghai for money to help the victims. The Shandong Famine Relief Committee was soon established with the participation of diplomats, businessmen, and Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries, (Shepherd, 2013). To combat the famine, an international network was set up to solicit donations. These efforts brought in 204,000 silver teals, the equivalent of $7—i 0 million in 2012 silver prices, (Angrosino, 2001). According to (Arjun, 2006), a simultaneous campaign was launched in response to the Great Famine of 1876—78 in India. Although the authorities have been 1 criticized for their laissez-faire attitude during the famine, relief measures were introduced towards the end.