557 3M SuMr IL6of 1980-2 Final Report Geologic and Geochemical Studies of the New Albany Shale Group (Devonian-Mississippian) in Illinois R. E. Bergstrom and N. F. ShimP/ Principal Invistigators Robert M. Cluff, Project Coordinator Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 1980-2 June 30, 1980 Illinois State Geological Survey Urbana, IL 61801 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Morgantown Energy Technology Center Morgantown, WV 2 6505 Contract: U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC21-76ET12142 , Note to readers: Printouts of the data contained on the computer file and copies of the structure map mentioned in this report can be obtained from the Illinois State Geological Survey upon written request, This report was prepared as an account of work partially sponsored by the U.S. Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Depart- ment of Energy, nor any of their employees , contractors, subcontractors or employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. '^'NOIS STATE QEOLOQICAL SURVEY 3 305 Final Report Geologic and Geochemical Studies of the New Albany Shale Group (Devonian-Mississippian) in Illinois R. E. Bergstrom and N. F. Shimp, Principal Invistigators Robert M. Cluff, Project Coordinator Illinois State Geological Survey Open File Series 1980-2 SEP 1 1 1996 |L uluu ourWtY June 30, 1980 Illinois State Geological Survey Urbana, IL 61801 Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Morgantown Energy Technology Center Morgantown, WV 2 6505 Contract: U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC21-76ET12142 , Note to readers: Printouts of the data contained on the computer file and copies of the structure map mentioned in this report can be obtained from the Illinois State Geological Survey upon written request This report was prepared as an account of work partially sponsored by the U.S. Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Depart- contractors , subcontractors ment of Energy 3 nor any of their employees, or employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness or represents of any information, apparatus , product, or process disclosed, that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. CONTENTS I. Principal results p. 1 II. Introduction p. 7 III. Basic data file, coring operations, and sample acquisition p. 9 IV. Stratigraphy p. 19 V. Structure p. 33 VI. Petrography and depositional environment p. 39 VII. Mineralogy p. 51 VIII. Organic petrography p. 53 IX. Physical properties p. 77 X. Chemical analysis of Devonian Shales: Organic carbon content p. 95 XI. Inorganic /organic associations of trace elements in black shales p. 107 XII. Hydrocarbon content and composition p. 115 XIII. Carbon isotope analysis of off-gases p. 135 XIV. Adsorption/desorption studies of gases through shales p. 143 XV. Mineral Resources Evaluation System (MINERS) p. 161 XVI. Natural gas potential in Illinois p. 165 XVII. Publications p. 1 71 XVIII. References p. 175 FIGURES Ill-rl. Locations of six DOE-sponsored cores through the New Albany Shale Group and eight cores from ISGS files, p. 11 III-2. Processing and preparation of samples of New Albany shales for mineralogic, petrographic, and geochemical analyses, p. 13 IV-1. Locations of cross sections of the New Albany Shale Group and adjacent strata in Illinois, p. 20 IV-2. Total thickness of the New Albany Shale Group in the Illinois Basin, p. 22 IV-3. Thickness of the Blocher Shale in the Illinois Basin, p. 24 IV-4. Approximate extent of the Sylamore Sandstone, p. 25 I\T-5. Thickness of the Selmier Shale in the Illinois Basin, p. 26 IV-6. Thickness of the Sweetland Creek/Selmier/Grassy Creek Shales, p. 27 IV-7. Thickness of the Saverton/Louisiana/Horton Creek/Hannibal interval (undifferentiated) p. 28 IV-8. Extent of the carbonate beds in the New Albany Shale, p. 30 V-l. LANDSAT- image surface linears. p. 34 V-2. Major geologic structures of Illinois, p. 36 VI-1. Lithofacies of the New Albany. p. 42 VI-2. Stratified anoxic basin model, p. 45 VI-3. Cumulative thickness of radioactive shale within the New Albany Shale Group in Illinois, p. 46 Figures (Continued) VI-A. Paleogeography of the New Albany Sea. p. 47 Shale Group, 48 VI-5. Diagrammatic cross section through the New Albany p. Shale, 54 VII-1. Thin section photomicrographs of the New Albany p. cores, 55 VII-2. Clay mineral distribution in Illinois and ISGS p. Creek Shales, 56 VII-3. Illite distribution in Grassy Creek-Sweetland p. VII-4. Chlorite distribution in the New Albany Shales, p. 59 grains, 60 VII-5. Scanning electron micrographs of distinctive mineral p. Albany shales. 66 VIII-1. Photomicrographs of organic matter from the New gray hash of VIII-2. Areas in which kerogen contains distinct network or amorphous organic matter, p. 67 as VIII-3. Areas in which kerogen contains solid hydrocarbon occurring fillings or angular particles, p. 67 Shale, 68 VIII-A. Mean random reflectance of vitrinite in the New Albany p. VIII-5. Typical reflectance histograms, p. 71 measures of VIII-6. Relation of coal rank, vitrinite reflectance, and other generation, St rank in sediments to the principal stages of oil and gas p. vitrinite- VIII-7. Plots of mean random reflectance values of vitrinite and 73 like substances taken from two deep wells in the Illinois Basin, p. VIII-8. Color of liptinite fluorescence in the New Albany Shale, p. 74 properties. 78 IX- 1. Work plan for core routing and analysis of directional IX-2. Point- load test. p. 79 IX-3. "Brazilian" indirect tensile test. p. 79 IX-4. Summary of point-load testing results for cores 01KY, 02IL, OAIL, and 06IL. p. 82 IX-5. Summary of "Brazilian" tests, point-load tests, and natural fractures for core 01KY. p. 84 IX-6. Summary of "Brazilian" tests and point-load tests for core 02IL. p. 85 IX-7. Summary of "Brazilian" tests, point-load tests, and natural fractures for core 04IL. p. 86 IX-8. Summary of "Brazilian" tests, point-load tests, and natural fractures for core 06IL. p. 87 IX-9. Relationship between indirect tensile strength and lithofacies classification of the New Albany Shale and limestone, p. 88 IX-10. Relationship between Shore hardness index and lithofacies classifi- cation of the New Albany Shale and limestone, p. 88 IX-11. Relationship between organic carbon content of shale and Shore hardness index, p. 88 IX-12. Relationship between pyritic sulfur content of shale and Shore hardness index, p. 88 IX-13. Relationship between acoustic compressional wave velocity and New Albany Shale lithofacies classification and limestone, p. 89 IX-14. Photographs of calcite-lined natural fractures in core 01KY. p. 90 IX-15. X-ray radiograph showing the nature of fractures in core 01KY. p. 92 IX-16. Photomicrographs of oriented microfractures in bedding-parallel thin sections observed in core 01KY. p. 93 X-l. Relationship between the organic carbon content and the amount of gas released at room temperature from shale samples, p. 99 X-2. Organic carbon content of samples from the Grassy Creek Shale, p. 101 X-3. Organic carbon content of samples from the Sweetland Creek-Selmier Shale. p. 104 Figures (Continued) XII-1. Released-gas analysis and core lithology, Orbit Gas #1 Clark core, Christian County, KY. p. 116 XII-2. Released-gas analysis and core lithology, Tri-Star Production //1-D Lancaster core, Effingham County, IL. p. 116 XII-3. Released-gas analysis and core lithology, Northern Illinois Gas //l RAR core, Henderson County, IL. p. 118 XII-4. Released-gas analysis and core lithology, Northern Illinois Gas #1 MAK core, Tazewell County, IL. p. 119 XII-4a. Organic carbon concentration and core lithology, Rector and Stone #1 Missouri Portland Cement, Hardin County, IL. p. 120 XII-5. Released-gas analysis and core lithology, G. T. Jenkins iH Simpson core, Wayne County, IL. p. 121 XII-6. Relative yield to volatile hydrocarbons from a shale with less than 10% organic carbon content when heated at 250°C and 350*C. p. 124 XII-7. Relative yield of volatile hydrocarbons from a shale with greater than 10% organic carbon content when heated at 250°C and 350°C. p. 124 XII-8. Relative yield of volatile hydrocarbons from a shale with less than 10% organic carbon content when heated at 550*C and at 750°C. p. 124 XII-9. Relative yield of volatile hydrocarbons from a shale with greater than 10% organic carbon content when heated at 550°C and at 750°C. p. 124 XII-10. Continuous stepwise pyrolysis gas chromatogram of 02IL04C1 asphaltene. p. 125 XII-11. Gas chromatogram trace of light hydrocarbon gases from shale pyrolysis. p. 126 XII-12. Relationship of the gas yield from pyrolysis of shale at 450°C to the organic carbon content of the shale, p. 127 XII-13. Relationship of the gas yield from pyrolysis of shale at 600°C to the organic carbon content of the shale, p. 128 XII-14. Alkane/alkene ratio of hydrocarbons produced by the pyrolysis of shale as a function of the percentage of oxygen in the pyrolysis a tmospher e . p. 128 1 *) -5 XII-15. Yield (x lO- of C0 2 , CO, CH 3 CH0, and yield (x 10 ) of CH3COCH3 produced by the pyrolysis of shale as a function of the percentage of oxygen in the pyrolysis atmosphere, p. 128 XII-16. Infrared (IR) spectrum of solid shale (-100 mesh) in KBr pellet, p.