VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE Medieval India TNPSC GROUP – I & II An ISO 9001 : 2015 Institution | Providing Excellence Since 2011 Head Office Old No.52, New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue Main Road, (Near Istha siddhi Vinayakar Temple), Anna Nagar East – 600102. Phone: 044-2626 5326 | 98844 72636 | 98844 21666 | 98844 32666 Branches SALEM KOVAI No.189/1, Meyanoor Road, Near ARRS Multiplex, No.347, D.S.Complex (3rd floor), (Near Salem New bus Stand), Nehru Street,Near Gandhipuram Opp. Venkateshwara Complex, Salem - 636004. Central Bus Stand, Ramnagar, Kovai - 9 Ph: 0427-2330307 | 95001 22022 Ph: 75021 65390 Educarreerr Location VIVEKANANDHA EDUCATIONA PATRICIAN COLLEGE OF ARTS SREE SARASWATHI INSTITUTIONS FOR WOMEN AND SCIENCE THYAGARAJA COLLEGE Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode - TK 3, Canal Bank Rd, Gandhi Nagar, Palani Road, Thippampatti, Namakkal District - 637 205. Opp. to Kotturpuram Railway Station, Pollachi - 642 107 Ph: 04288 - 234670 Adyar, Chennai - 600020. Ph: 73737 66550 | 94432 66008 91 94437 34670 Ph: 044 - 24401362 | 044 - 24426913 90951 66009 www.vetriias.com © VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE First Edition – 2015 Second Edition – 2019 Pages : 114 Size : (240 × 180) cm Price : 220/- Published by: VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE F Block New No. 1, 9th Street, 1st Avenue main Road, Chinthamani, Anna Nagar (E), Chennai – 102. Phone: 044-2626 5326 | 98844 72636 | 98844 21666 | 98844 32666 www.vetriias.com E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] / [email protected] Feedback: [email protected] © All rights reserved with the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher, will be responsible for the loss and may be punished for compensation under copyright act. My Dear Aspirants, Greetings to all of you! “What we think we become” said Gautama Buddha. We all have dreams. To turn dreams into reality it takes a lot of determination, dedication, self discipline and hard work. We at VETRII IAS Study Circle are committed to provide the right guidance, quality coaching and help every aspirant to achieve his or her life’s cherished goal of becoming a civil servant. The class room coaching at VETRII IAS Study Circle is meticulously planned to equip the aspirants with all the relevant facts and fundamentals of the subjects. Further the VETRII IAS Study Circle Study material aim to support the candidate by providing the most relevant study material in a comprehensive manner. Wishing You All The Very Best !! M. SHUNMUGAM Director - Vetrii IAS Study Circle. Contents 1. Arab and Turk Invasions of India.................................. 1 1.1 Muhammad Bin Qasim 1.2 Muhammad of Ghazni 2. The Delhi Sultanate and Regional Kingdom................... 6 2.1 The Slave Dynasty (1206–290 AD) 2.2 The Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320 AD) 2.3 Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1413 AD) 2.4 Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451 AD) 2.5 Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526 AD) 2.6 Administration of Delhi Sultanate 2.7 Main Features of the Architecture 3. Bahmani Kingdom....................................................... 30 3.1 Alaudin Hasan Bahman Shah (1347–1358 AD) 3.2 Mohammed I (1358–1375 AD) 3.3 Mohammed Gawan 3.4 Five Deccan Sultanates 4. Vijayanagara Empire......................................................39 4.1 Sangama Dynasty (1336–1485 AD) 4.2 Saluva Dynasty (1485−1505 AD) 4.3 Tuluva Dynasty (1505−1556 AD) 4.4 Aravidu Dynasty (1556−1672 AD) 5. Bhakti Movement in India.................................................50 5.1 Bhakti Movement in the South 5.2 Conflict with Buddhism and Jainism 5.3 Impact of Sufism 5.4 Salient Features of Bhakti Movement 5.5 Major Proponents of Bhakti Movement 5.6 Impact of the Bhakti Movement Contents 6. The Mughal Empire.........................................................57 6.1 Babur (1526–1530 AD) 6.2 Sur Empire−Sher Shah Sur (1530−1545 AD) 6.3 Humayan (1530−1540, 1555−1556 AD) 6.4 Akbar (1556–1605 AD) 6.5 Jahangir (1605–1627 AD) 6.6 Shah Jahan (1627–1658 AD) 6.7 Aurangazeb (1657–1707 AD) 6.8 Mughal Administration 6.9 Art and Architecture of Mughals 7. Marathas.......................................................................91 7.1 Causes for the Rise of the Marathas 7.2 Shivaji (1627–1680 AD) 7.3 Administration under Marathas 7.4 The Peshwas A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF INDIAN MEDIEVAL HISTORY Arab and Turk Invasions of India I. The Arab Invasion Mohammad Bin Qasim(1st Arab invader) 712 CE II. The Turkish Invasion (986–1206 CE) a) Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni 997–1030 CE b) Mohammad Ghori 1175–1206 CE Delhi Sultanate Timeline I. Ilbari Dynasty (CE 1206–1290) Name of Sultan Years of Ruling Qutub-ud-din Aibak 1206–1210 CE Shams-ud-din Iltutmish 1211–1230 CE Razia Begum 1236–1240 CE Nasiruddin Mahmud 1246–1266 CE Ghias-ud-din Balban 1266–1287 CE Kaiqubad 1287–1290 CE II. Khalji Dynasty (CE 1290–1320) Name of Sultan Years of Ruling Jalal-ud-din Khalji 1290–1296 CE Alauddin Khalji 1296–1316 CE Shiba-ud-din Omar 1316 CE Mubarak Khalji 1316–1320 CE III. Tughlaq Dynasty (CE 1320–1412) Name of Sultan Years of Ruling Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq 1320–1325 CE Muhammad Bin Tughlaq 1325–1351 CE Firuz Shah Tughlaq 1351–1388 CE Tughlaq Shah 1388–1398 CE x Abu Bakar 1389–1390 CE Nasirudin Muhammad Shah III 1390–1393 CE Alauddin Sikander Shah I 1393 CE (March–April) Nasiruddin Mahmud 1393–1394 CE Nusrat Shah 1394–1398 CE IV. Sayyid Dynasty (CE 1414–1450) Name of Sultan Years of ruling Khizr Khan 1414–1421 CE Mubarak Shah 1421–1434 CE Muhammad Shah 1434–1445 CE Alauddin Alam Shah 1445–1450 CE V. Lodi Dynasty (CE 1451–1526) Name of Sultan Years of ruling Buhlul Lodi 1451–1489 CE Sikander Lodi 1489–1517 CE Ibrahim Lodi 1517–1526 CE Vijayanagar Kingdom Timeline I. Sangama Dynasty (1336–1485 CE) Ruler Period of Rule Harihara Raya I 1336–1356 CE Bukka Raya I 1356–1377 CE Harihara Raya II 1377–1404 CE Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405 CE Bukka Raya II 1405–1406 CE Deva Raya I 1406–1422 CE Ramachandra Raya 1422 CE Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424 CE Deva Raya II 1424–1446 CE xi Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465 CE Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485 CE Praputha Raya 1485 CE II. Saluva Dynasty (1485–1505 CE) Ruler Period of Rule Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491 CE Thimma Bhupala 1491 CE Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505 CE III. Tuluva Dynasty (1491–1569 CE) Ruler Period of Rule Tuluva Nayaka 1491–1503 CE Vira Narasimha Raya 1503–1509 CE Krishna Deva Raya 1509–1529 CE Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542 CE Venkata I 1542 CE Sadasiva Raya 1542–1569 CE IV. Aravidu Dynasty (1542–1646 CE) Ruler Period of Rule Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565 CE Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572 CE Sriranga I 1572–1586 CE Venkata II 1586–1614 CE Sriranga II 1614 CE Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632 CE Venkata III 1632–1642 CE Sriranga III 1642–1646 CE xii BAHMANI KINGDOM TIMELINE (1347–1538 CE) The most important rulers of this kingdom are Ruler Period of Rule Ala-ud-Din Hassan Bahman Shah 1347–1358 CE Muhammad Shah I 1358–1375 CE Mughal Dynasty Timeline Mughal Ruler Period of Rule Babur 1526–1530 CE Humayun 1530–1540, 1555–1556 CE Akbar 1556–1605 CE Jahangir 1605–1627 CE Shah Jahan 1628–1658 CE Aurangazeb 1658–1707 CE Maratha Empire Timeline Ruler Period of Rule Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj 1627–1680 CE Sambhaji 1681–1689 CE Rajaram and Tarabai 1689–1707 CE Shahu 1707–1749 CE Peshwas Amatya Ramchandra Pant Bawdekar 1650–1716 CE Peshwa Baji Rao I 1720–1740 CE Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao 1740–1761 CE xiii Chapter Arab and Turk 1 Invasions of India ▌ INTRODUCTION he Indian subcontinent had to contend with a series of raids from foreign fighters, Tespecially Islamic invaders, from 8th century onwards. New developments like rapid spread of a new faith called as Islam and the unstable political condition in India coupled with the wealth among certain sections of the society invited these invaders for plunder and booty. Arabs have had maritime commercial relationships with the western coastal regions of India even before Islam was founded. But there were no attempts at proselytizing by the Arabs, who came as traders, after their own conversion to Islam, since their primary motive was only trade. 1.1 MUHAMMAD BIN QASIM ■ Therefore, the Arab traders took up the ■ Islam proper as an invading religion issue with Al Hajjaj, Governor of Iraq entered the borders of India only 712 AD who sent his commander Muhammed bin after the conquest of Sind by Muhammad Qasim to Sind in 712 AD. Qasim’s Army bin Qasim. captured Debal, an inland commercial ■ Sind was ruled by Raja Dahir, whose port in Sind near modern Karachi despite father Chach had usurped the throne by stiff resistance. The capital of Sind, overthrowing Buddhist rule in the area. Aror was also captured soon after and The Arab traders who had been active in Muhammed bin Qasim started to rule the coastal area of Sind for commercial the region according to Islamic principles activities had faced the threat of sea and imposed Jizya on the Hindu and pirates around the Sind coast. Despite Buddhist subjects of the region. Those repeated requests Raja Dahir failed to citizens were reduced to the status of take any measures against the pirates. zimmis. Thus Qasim was the first Muslim ruler to impose Jizya in India. www.vetriias.com 1 Vetrii IAS Study Circle Arab and Turk Invasions of India ■ Chach-nama written by Kazi Ismail his eldest son. When Sabuktagin died in mentions the administrative measures 997, Mahmud was in Khurasan.