Agitation Handbook Filipp Kars-Jordan Petri Hiltunen Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2007 Agitation Handbook Filipp Kars-Jordan Petri Hiltunen Master of Science Thesis MMK 2007:23 MPK584 KTH Industrial Engineering and Management Machine Design SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM 3 Examensarbete MMK 2007:23 MPK584 Omrörningshandboken Filipp Kars-Jordan Petri Hiltunen Godkänt Examinator Handledare 2007-02-28 Priidu Pukk Priidu Pukk Uppdragsgivare Kontaktperson Scanpump Tamás Kovács Sammanfattning Examensarbetets syfte var att göra ett underlag för en handbok i industriell omrörning. Detta arbete belyser problematiken i samband med uppbyggnad av omrörare och tillhandahåller förslag och vägledning i hur man ska lösa många problem i samband med detta. Relevanta matematiska modeller och formler presenteras och vägledning ges i hur man skall tillämpa dessa i verkligheten. Uppbyggnaden av omrörningssystem är väldigt komplext och kräver stor know-how både vad gäller processen och matematiken som bör användas. Det finns vidare en mängd olika patenterade propellrar, turbiner och andra i omrörare ingående komponenter. Valet av rätt komponenter är också essentiellt för processen och vissa av dessa presenteras. Man kan inte enbart med hjälp av denna bok bygga upp en välfungerande process, utan behöver hjälp av experter såvida man inte besitter djupa kunskaper inom turbulens och har stor know-how vad gäller komponenter som finns på marknaden. Denna handbok kan ses som ett hjälpmedel för att öka förståelsen för problematiken vid uppbyggnad av omrörningssystem och ger insyn i vad man kan kräva av företag som åtar sig uppgiften att bygga omrörare. 4 5 Master of Science Thesis MMK 2007:23 MPK584 AgitationHandbook Filipp Kars-Jordan Petri Hiltunen Approved Examiner Supervisor 2007-02-28 Priidu Pukk Priidu Pukk Commissioner Contact person Scanpump Tamás Kovács Abstract The goal of these master theses was to write an outcast for a handbook of industrial mixing. This book presents the problems and offers guidance and possible solutions in the process of building agitators. Relevant mathematical models and formulas are presented and it is explained under which circumstances these should be brought into play. Building an agitated process is a very complex task and requires good know how in both the process and the mathematics behind. There are numerous patented impellers and other components used in agitators and choosing the right components is of great importance for the efficiency of the process. Some of these components are thoroughly described in this work. This book by itself is not sufficient to create a well working agitated process unless the user has a profound knowledge of turbulence and a good awareness about what components there are on the market and which should be acquired. Building an agitated process requires experts. This book can be used to gain insight in the difficulties of constructing agitators, also to gain an understanding of what can be expected and demanded from companies hired to assemble such processes. 6 7 Agitation handbook index 1. Turbulence............................................................................................................................ 12 2. What is mixing?.................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 GOALS OF MIXING ....................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 SUSPENSION ................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.1 Sedimentation ..................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Degree of suspension.......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 Particle motion in liquid..................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 SOLID DISPERSION ....................................................................................................................................... 21 2.5 DIFFUSION................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.6 EMULSIFICATION......................................................................................................................................... 22 2.7 FERMENTATION........................................................................................................................................... 23 3. Rheology............................................................................................................................... 24 4. Dimensionless numbers........................................................................................................ 28 4.1 REYNOLDS NUMBER .................................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 POWER NUMBER (NEWTON NUMBER).......................................................................................................... 32 4.3 SCABA PUMPING NUMBER ........................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 SCABA NUMBER & FLOW NUMBER .............................................................................................................. 34 4.4 DEGREE OF AGITATION................................................................................................................................36 4.7 FROUDE NUMBER ........................................................................................................................................ 36 5. Liquid motion ...................................................................................................................... 38 5.1 MIXING TIME .............................................................................................................................................. 38 5.2 CAVERNS..................................................................................................................................................... 40 6. Scaba modular system.......................................................................................................... 42 6.1 MOTOR........................................................................................................................................................ 42 6.2 GEAR UNIT .................................................................................................................................................. 43 6.3 BEARING HOUSING ...................................................................................................................................... 44 6.4 SEAL HOUSING ............................................................................................................................................ 44 6. 5 SHAFT SEALS .............................................................................................................................................. 45 6.5.1 Stuffing box (S) ................................................................................................................................... 45 6.5.2 Lip seal ............................................................................................................................................... 46 6.5.3 Mechanical seals ................................................................................................................................47 6.5.4 Labyrinth seal..................................................................................................................................... 48 6.6 SHAFTS........................................................................................................................................................ 49 6.7 COUPLINGS.................................................................................................................................................. 49 6.7.1 Flange couplings ................................................................................................................................49 6.7.2 Threaded coupling.............................................................................................................................. 50 6.8 BOTTOM STEADY BEARING.......................................................................................................................... 50 7. Tanks .................................................................................................................................... 52 7.1 TANK GEOMETRY ........................................................................................................................................ 52 7.2 BAFFLES...................................................................................................................................................... 54 8. Impellers............................................................................................................................... 58 8.1 TURBINES.................................................................................................................................................... 58 8.1.1 Rushton turbine .................................................................................................................................