CROSS MODAL INVESTMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared for The National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board of The National Academies TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This document, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members of or participants in the work of CRP. This document is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by CRP. Principal Investigator, Ella Claney Sean Libberton Katharina McLaughlin Stephanie McVey WSP (Formerly WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff) Washington, D.C. September 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SPONSORSHIP This work was sponsored by one or more of the following as noted: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Federal Transit Administration and was conducted in the Transit Cooperative Research Program, Federal Aviation Administration and was conducted in the Airport Cooperative Research Program, Research and Innovative Technology Administration and was conducted in the National Cooperative Freight Research Program, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and was conducted in the Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program, Federal Railroad Administration and was conducted in the National Cooperative Rail Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. DISCLAIMER This is an uncorrected draft as submitted by the Contractor. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied herein are those of the Contractor. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, or the program sponsors. CROSS MODAL INVESTMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared for The National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board of The National Academies Principal Investigator, Ella Claney Sean Libberton Katharina McLaughlin Stephanie McVey WSP (Formerly WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff) Washington, D.C. September 2017 Contents LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... IV ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives of Resource Guide .................................................................................................................. 1 Definition of Cross Modal Investment ...................................................................................................... 1 Description of The Searchable Cross Modal Funding Database .............................................................. 1 Description of The Annotated Literature Review ..................................................................................... 2 Description of Case Studies ...................................................................................................................... 2 Cross modal Issues .................................................................................................................................... 3 Best Practices ............................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose of the Resource Guide ..................................................................................................... 4 Benefits to the Transit Agencies ................................................................................................... 5 Benefit to Funding Agencies......................................................................................................... 5 Searchable Cross modal Investment Funding Database ............................................................... 5 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................. 6 Organization of the Resource Guide ............................................................................................. 8 DEFINING CROSS MODAL INVESTMENTS .............................................................................. 9 Cross Modal Investments Defined ................................................................................................ 9 Common Cross Modal Issues ..................................................................................................... 10 IDENTIFYING CROSS MODAL INVESTMENT OPTIONS .................................................... 12 Federal Cross Modal Investment Options ................................................................................... 12 Non-Federal Cross Modal Investment Opportunities ................................................................. 15 Alternative Non-Transportation Federal Funding Programs ...................................................... 18 i Cap and Trade ............................................................................................................................. 20 Searchable Cross Modal Funding Database – User Guide ......................................................... 21 CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................................................... 27 Case Study Selection ................................................................................................................... 27 Dulles Corridor Metrorail Phase 2 .............................................................................................. 30 San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Parking Revenues ......................................... 37 Delmar Trolley Loop .................................................................................................................. 42 Gilbert Road Light Rail Extension .............................................................................................. 47 US 36 Managed Lane/Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Phase 1 ........................................................... 51 PennDOT, SEPTA, and Port Authority: Cross-Modal Funding by Act 44 & Act 89................. 57 Tampa Hillsborough Expressway Authority (THEA) Bus Toll Lanes Proposal ........................ 61 IMPLEMENTING A CROSS MODAL INVESTMENT .............................................................. 65 Step 1 - Identify Cross Modal Opportunities .............................................................................. 65 Step 2 – Understand Common Issues ......................................................................................... 66 Step 3 - Implement Best Practices .............................................................................................. 68 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 71 ANNOTATED LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 72 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1 STP Funding for Transit 2009 – 2013 ........................................................................................ 13 Table 3-2 CMAQ Funding for Transit 2009 – 2013 ................................................................................... 13 Table 3-3 Toll Revenue Example ............................................................................................................... 14 Table 4-1 Case Study Selection Cross Modal Investment Sizing ............................................................... 28 Table 4-2 Cross Modal Case Study Categorization .................................................................................... 29 Table 4-3 MWAA Dulles Corridor Project Phase 2 Funding Amounts ..................................................... 33 Table 4-4 MWAA PFC Amounts Collected or Anticipated Annually, FY13 -FY17 ($ million) ............... 33 Table 4-5 Muni Annual Parking Tax Revenues for Transit Project ........................................................... 38 Table 4-6 SFMTA Net Bond Proceeds as of FY 2016 ............................................................................... 39 Table 4-7 Delmar Loop Trolley Project Funding Amounts ........................................................................ 45 Table 4-8 Central Mesa Project Funding Amounts..................................................................................... 49 Table 4-9 US-36 Managed Lane/BRT Project Funding Amounts .............................................................. 54 Table 4-10 Annual CBE Funding Revenue ($ million) .............................................................................. 54 Table 4-11 Act 44 Funding Requirements Proposed for PTC .................................................................... 58 Table 4-12 Act 89 Funding Requirements .................................................................................................