Notes CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Said, Edward, Culture and Imperialism (Chatto & Windus, 1993) xxiii. 2. Perera, Suvendrini, Reaches of Empire (Columbia University Press, 1991) 10. 3. Reaches of Empire, 11. 4. Said, Edward, Orientalism (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978) 12. 5. Teltscher, Kate, India Inscribed (Oxford University Press, 1995) 5. 6. Suleri, Sara, The Rhetoric of English India (University of Chicago Press, 1992) 3. 7. Orientalism, 1. 8. Orientalism, 67. 9. Bhabha, H. K., 'The other question, difference, discrimination and the discourse of colonialism', in Literature, Politics and Theory, eds Francis Barker et al. (Metheun, 1986) 156. 10. Bearce, George D., British Attitudes Towards India, 1784-1858 (Oxford University Press, 1961) 81. 11. Singh, Jyotsna G., Colonial Narratives/Cultural Dialogues (Routledge, 1996) 71. 12. Cohn, Bernard S., An Anthropologist among the Historians and Other Essays (Oxford University Press, 1990) 146. CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1. Roberts, P. E., History of British India, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 1958) 21. 2. Mukherjee, R., The Rise and the Fall of the East India Company (Monthly University Press, 1974) 86. 3. Dutt, R., Economic History of India Under Early British Rule (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956) 2. 4. The Rise and the Fall of the East India Company, 86. 5. Quoted in M. E. Chamberlain, Britain and India: The Interaction of Two Peoples (Newton Abbott: David & Charles, 1974) 26. 6. Grant to Sir W. Courten, December 12, 1635, quoted in History of British India, 39. 7. India Office Records, Letter book No. 9, dispatch to Bombay, 11 September 1689, quoted in History of British India, 43-4. 8. Edwardes, M., British India 1772-1942 (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1967) 6-7. 9. History of British India, 71. 10. History of British India, 107. 11. History of British India, 110-11. 203 204 Notes 12. The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 9. 13. British India 1772-1942, 26. 14. British India 1772-1942, 26-7. 15. History of British India, 279. 16. Charter Act 1833, cited in History of British India, 307. 17. History of British India, 308. 18. The Rise and the Fall of the East India Company, 69. 19. Marshall, P. J., 'The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', in The Raj, India and the British 1600-1947, ed. C. A. Bayly (London: National Portrait Gallery, 1990) 18. 20. Britain and India: The Interaction of Two Peoples, 31. 21. 'The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries', in The Raj, India and the British 1600-1947, 18. 22. History of British India, 41. 23. Wilbur, M. E., The East India Company (Stanford University Press, 1945) 120. 24. Morton, A. L., A People's History of England (Lawrence & Wishart, 1961) 161-2. 25. Green, M., Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) 79. 26. History of British India, 41. 27. History of British India, 130. 28. Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern Library, 1937) (orig. publ. 1776) 602. 29. Hill, S.C., The Indian Record Series, Bengal in 1756- 7, 1895, quoted in History of British India, 132. 30. History of British India, 140. 31. The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 39. 32. History of British India, 181. 33. Based on table and figures in The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 46. 34. The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 293. 35. The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 293. 36. For detailed trade figures see The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, Chapter XVI. 37. History of British India. 329. 38. British India 1772-1942, 7. 39. British India 1772-1942, 7. 40. Quoted in British India 1772-1942, 8. 41. The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule, 14. 42. British India 1772-1942, 8. 43. British India 1772-1942, 8. 44. British India 1772-1942, 7. 45. British India 1772-1942, 54. 46. British India 1772-1942, 55. 47. British India 1772-1942, 32-3. 48. Graham, Maria, Journal of a Residence in India 1809-11, 1813, 139, quoted in British India 1772-1942, 33. 49. Quoted in British India 1772-1942, 51. Notes 205 50. Malcolm, J., The Political History of India from 1784 to 1823, quoted in British India 1772-1942, 52. 51. Speech on Charter Debate in the House of Commons on 10 July 1833, quoted in British India 1772-1942, 57. 52. British India 1772-1942, 96. 53. Pegg, J., India's Cries to British Humanity (London, 1830) 14, quoted in British India 1772-1942, 101. CHAPTER 3 TRADERS 1. Gorton, John, General Biographical Dictionary (London, 1828) II, 655--{i. 2. General Biographical Dictionary, II, 656. 3. Dictionary of National Biography (London, 1896) 348. 4. Correspondence of Thomas Gray, eds P. Toynbee and L. Whibley (Oxford University Press, 1935) II, 758. 5. Anonymous, The Lildy's Drawing Room (London, 1744) 18. 6. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 16. 7. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 16. 8. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 17. 9. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 17. 10. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 18. 11. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 18. 12. 'Banyan' is a misspelling of 'banian', the English corruption of 'Bania', the money-lending caste who often advanced money to recently arrived Englishmen. As spelled, 'Banyan', it is the name of a species of tree. 13. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 19. 14. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 21. 15. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 22. 16. The Lildy's Drawing Room, 22. 17. 'Monthly Catalogue, for April 1770. East Indies. Art. 12. The True Alarm.' Monthly Review, XLII (1770) 4. 18. Verelst, H. A View of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the English Government in Bengal (Nourse, 1772) 8. 19. Mercier, Sebastian, Memoirs of the Year Two Thousand Five Hundred, trans. W. Hooper (London, 1772; repr. New York: Garland, 1974) 185. 20. Foote, Samuel, The Nabob (London, 1778) act I, scene. I, line 7. 21. Scott, Helenus, Adventures of a Rupee (London, 1782) 59--{)0. 22. Adventures of a Rupee, 59--{)0. 23. Adventures of a Rupee, 76-7. 24. Touchstone, Timothy, Tea and Sugar, or the Nabob and the Creole (London, 1792) 1-2. 25. Tea and Sugar, or the Nabob and the Creole, 10 26. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17 (collected in 3 vols London, 1804) I, 147. 27. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17, I, 147. 28. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17, I, 147. 206 Notes 29. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17, I, 147-8. 30. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17, I, 149. 31. 'John Homespun' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 17, I, 151. 32. 'Marjory Mushroom' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 36, II, 1-3. 33. 'Marjory Mushroom' (Henry Mackenzie) in The Lounger, 36, II, 6. 34. 'John Truman' (Fraser Tytler) in The Lounger, 36, II, 73. 35. Mackenzie in The Lounger, 36, II, 80. 36. Anonymous, Anna, or Memoirs of a Welch Heiress (London, 1786) I, 94-5. 37. Starke, Mariana, The Widow of Malabar (London, 1791) 12. 38. Anonymous, The Disinterested Nabob (London, 1787) II, 156-8. 39. The Disinterested Nabob, I, 87. 40. C[olin] B[annantyne], [William Dunlop], 'Calcutta, Chapter II. Wri­ ters and Writerism', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, XI (1822) 433. 41. Anonymous, Life in India 1, Six Sketches Illustrative of Life in India (London, 1826) 2. 42. Six Sketches, 2. 43. Six Sketches, 1. 44. Six Sketches, 1. 45. Anonymous, The Cadet, A poem in six parts (London, 1814) I, xii. 46. Hockley, William Brown, The English in India, A novel (London, 1828) II, 287-8. 47. The English in India, A novel, I, 128. 48. The English in India, A novel, II, 290. 49. The English in India, A novel, I, 237. 50. The English in India, A novel, I, 238. 51. The English in India, A novel, I, 259. 52. The English in India, A novel, III, 147. 53. The English in India, A novel, III, 147. 54. The English in India, A novel, III, 161. 55. The English in India, A novel, III, 236. 56. The English in India, A novel, III, 237. 57. The English in India, A novel, III, 233. 58. Anonymous, Life in India, or, the English at Calcutta (London, 1828) I, 175. 59. Life in India, or, the English at Calcutta, I, 175. 60. The Surgeon's Daughter, 270. 61. Anna, or Memoirs of a Welch Heiress, I, 75-7. 62. Anna, or Memoirs of a Welch Heiress, I, 88-9. 63. Tea and Sugar, or the Nabob and the Creole, 4. 64. Newnham, H., East India Question (London, 1833) 5. 65. Anonymous, India, A poem in three cantos (London, 1834) 79. CHAPTER 4 SOLDIERS 1. Woodruff, Philip, The Men Who Ruled India, The Founders Oonathan Cape, 1953) 379-80. Notes 207 2. 'Historical Chronicle, December 1752', The Gentleman's Magazine, XXII (1752) 582. 3. 'Historical Chronicle, January 1753, Extract of a letter from Major Lawrence, at Trichinopoli in the East Indies, dated June 12, 1752', The Gentleman's Magazine, XXIII (1753) 48. 4. Orme, Robert, History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan from the year 1745, 2nd edn, (London, 1775) 167. 5. Robert Clive, quoted in The Men Who Ruled India, The Founders, 88. 6. History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation, 194-6. 7. History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation, 219. 8. Scott, Walter, The Surgeon's Daughter (London & Edinburgh, 1834) (orig. publ. 1827) 176. 9. 'The Indian Army', Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, XXI (1827) 563.