Contents Publisher’s Note . xi Contributors . xv Keyword List of Contents . xix List of Maps, Tables, and Sidebars . xxxiii Maps of the Renaissance & Early Modern Era . xxxvii 1450’s Mid-15th century, Foundation of the Saud Dynasty . 1 1450’s-1471, Champa Civil Wars . 3 1450’s-1529, Thai Wars . 5 1451-1526, Lodi Kings Dominate Northern India . 7 1454, China Subdues Burma . 10 1454-1481, Rise of the Ottoman Empire . 12 April 9, 1454, Peace of Lodi . 15 1455-1485, Wars of the Roses . 18 1456, Publication of Gutenberg’s Mazarin Bible . 21 1457-1480’s, Spread of Jfdo Shinshn Buddhism . 24 February 11, 1457, Restoration of Zhengtong . 27 April 14, 1457-July 2, 1504, Reign of Stephen the Great. 30 1458-1490, Hungarian Renaissance. 32 1459, R3o Jodha Founds Jodhpur . 36 1460’s Early 1460’s, Labor Shortages Alter Europe’s Social Structure . 38 1460-1600, Rise of the Akan Kingdoms . 41 1462, Founding of the Platonic Academy. 43 c. 1462, Kazak Empire Is Established. 46 1462, Regiomontanus Completes the Epitome of Ptolemy’s Almagest . 48 1463-1479, Ottoman-Venetian War . 51 c. 1464-1591, Songhai Empire Dominates the Western Sudan . 53 1465-1487, Reign of Xianzong . 56 July 16, 1465-April, 1559, French-Burgundian and French-Austrian Wars . 58 October 19, 1466, Second Peace of Thorn . 61 1467, End of King Par3kramab3hu VI’s Reign . 65 1467-1477, bnin War . 67 1469-1481, Reign of the Ava King Thihathura . 69 1469-1492, Rule of Lorenzo de’ Medici . 71 1469-1508, Ak Koyunlu Dynasty Controls Iraq and Northern Iran . 75 October 19, 1469, Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella . 77 v The Renaissance & Early Modern Era 1470’s 1471-1493, Reign of Topa Inca . 81 March 18-22, 1471, Battle of Vijaya . 83 c. 1473, Ashikaga Yoshimasa Builds the Silver Pavilion . 85 1473, Jakob II Fugger Becomes a Merchant . 87 1473-1600, Witch-Hunts and Witch Trials . 89 1474, Great Wall of China Is Built . 93 1474-1479, Castilian War of Succession . 97 Late 15th century, Mombasa, Malindi, and Kilwa Reach Their Height . 99 August 29, 1475, Peace of Picquigny . 101 1477-1482, Work Begins on the Sistine Chapel . 104 1477-1600, Japan’s “Age of the Country at War” . 106 June 12, 1477-August 17, 1487, Hungarian War with the Holy Roman Empire . 109 August 17, 1477, Foundation of the Habsburg Dynasty . 112 1478, Muscovite Conquest of Novgorod . 115 1478-1482, Albanian-Turkish Wars End. 118 c. 1478-1519, Leonardo da Vinci Compiles His Notebooks. 120 April 26, 1478, Pazzi Conspiracy . 124 November 1, 1478, Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition . 126 1480’s 1480-1502, Destruction of the Golden Horde . 130 After 1480, Ivan the Great Organizes the “Third Rome” . 132 1481-1482, Founding of Elmina . 135 1481-1499, Ludovico Sforza Rules Milan. 137 1481-1512, Reign of Bayezid II and Ottoman Civil Wars. 140 1482-1492, Maximilian I Takes Control of the Low Countries . 142 1483-1485, Richard III Rules England . 146 c. 1485, Portuguese Establish a Foothold in Africa . 148 Beginning 1485, The Tudors Rule England . 150 May, 1485-April 13, 1517, Mamlnk-Ottoman Wars. 153 1486-1487, Pico della Mirandola Writes Oration on the Dignity of Man . 156 August, 1487-December, 1488, Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope . 158 1488-1505, Reign of Xiaozong . 162 c. 1488-1594, Khmer-Thai Wars. 164 March 5, 1488, Composition of the Renga Masterpiece Minase sangin hyakuin . 166 1489, 4#dil Shah Dynasty Founded . 169 1489, Yorkshire Rebellion . 171 1490’s 1490’s, Aldus Manutius Founds the Aldine Press . 174 1490’s, Decline of the Silk Road . 177 vi Contents Beginning 1490, Development of the Camera Obscura . 179 c. 1490, Fragmentation of the Bahmani Sultanate . 182 1490-1492, Martin Behaim Builds the First World Globe. 184 1491-1545, Christianity Is Established in the Kingdom of Kongo . 187 1492, Fall of Granada . 190 1492, Jews Are Expelled from Spain . 193 October 12, 1492, Columbus Lands in the Americas . 196 1493-1521, Ponce de León’s Voyages . 200 1493-1525, Reign of Huayna Capac . 202 1493-1528, Reign of Mohammed I Askia . 205 August 19, 1493-January 12, 1519, Reign of.