Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 General Items: Input devices • How are the labs coming? • Any questions? - Hardware devices allowing us to enter • Some notes on your grades! • Please don’t use your neighbors answers in the quiz o DATA, PROGRAMS, COMMANDS, USER RESPONSE • Got all your grades? - Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, etc. • Can you download everything? • Emails? Got my email response? Instructions Reading Materials: Programs Entery Miscellaneous: Commands point System Unit User Resp. p Input Input o Device Memory Processor Types Data r Text t Audio Connection Video/Image Where does the input go? Input types: - Data: Collection of raw, unprocessed facts, figures, symbols Data -> Computer Process -> Information - Instructions: Another form of input telling the computer what to do o Programs (Word Processor) ° Series of instructions indicating HOW to perform tasks o Commands (Spell Check) ° An instruction to execute a program/action ° Can be in menu-driven (GUI) or text format o User Response (Print dialog box) ° An instruction the user issues in response to a computer prog. F.Farahmand 1 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc F.Farahmand 2 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Entry types ° Causing Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) – due to prolong use - Manual, Automatic, Wireless, Intelligent detection of computer mouse and keyboard ° Carpal Tunnel syndrome ° Everyday a million people miss work due to such injuries! Input device connection ° Congress rejected employers’ responsibilities – Claiming - Port types: USB, Parallel, Serial, etc. there is no Proof! Pointing devices What is the big idea? - An input device that allows you control the pointer on the screen Input Manual Automatic Wireless Intelligent o The pointer allows us to run a program/enter a response/input, etc. type/Entry detection o Pointer types: I-beam, Black arrow, pointing hand Text keyboard Wireless KB Gesture - Examples: Mouse, Joystick, Pointing stick, Trackball, Touchpad, etc. Recognition Video Audio Microphone Image Digital Camera Graphics Mouse Scanner/DC Keyboards - Used for manual entry of text - Types: o QWERTY: first six leftmost letters ° Used to be Dvorak – letters placed based on their usage freq. ° Goes back to 1868 when typewriters were invented! o Enhanced: consists of 12 function keys, CNTL keys, ALT keys, number pad, and arrow keys (101 or 85 keys) o Cordless: a wireless keyboard – inferred waves, radio frequency o Optical keyboards (type in space!) o Portable: they can be attached or removed – used for handheld devices o Ergonomic: a more comfortable type of keyboard design F.Farahmand 3 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc F.Farahmand 4 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 o Very useful for finger free applications Pointing devices o Detects pressure or presence or light Mouse: o Used for precision tasks / e-signature (grocery store) / - Analog or digital device? Handwriting recognition / PDAs - Mouse types: Touch Screen: o Mechanical mouse o Touch sensitive display (monitors, etc.) o Optical mouse (laser or optical sensors) o Examples: ATM machine/ your neighborhood mechanic shop ° typically more precise and easier to keep it clean o Cordless mouse Pointing Stick: - Typically in the keyboard - How does it work? - Uses pressure / more like a static mouse - Basic mouse operations: - Invented by IBM on their early notebook computers o Point, Click, Drag, Zoom! - Mouse for left-handed people! (10 % of people are left-handed) - A little history: A little about Digital Pens o Invented in 1968 – funded by NASA and Defense Dep. - Useful for hand-free applications o Redesigned 10 years later - Some come with hand-writing recognition software o Used in Apple Computer in 1980 o PDA o Mother of all other pointing devices! o Character-by-character Trackball: o What about a remote digital pen? (VPen) Like a mechanical mouse but the ball is on the top o Imagine…. Touchpad: ° Using your digital pen to take notes o Also called Trackpad; functions like a mouse ° Exchange notes on a flash-memory o Typically used in notebook computers o A flat pad sensitive to pressure or conductive materials o So how does it work? Joystick: o Used for games; what kind? o Can be connected to a game port or USB port Stylus and Light Pen: o Look like a ballpoint pen F.Farahmand 5 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc F.Farahmand 6 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Other types of inputs PDAs and Smart phones: Audio: - The data can be input into a PDA in many different ways: o - Process of entering data by using a microphone or MIDI interface Stylus pen, mini-keyboard, on-screen keyboard, scanner, etc. - Smart phones can support o Recording , Manipulating voice o Voice, SMS (Short message service), MMS (multimedia o Voice recognition technology – ability to distinguish spoken words messaging service) ° Does not understand the meaning of the speech o Messaging is cheaper! ° Only recognize the input based on pre-define words ° Voice recognition software types: Video: • Speaker-dependent, Speaker-independent; - Process of entering full-motion recording into a computer • Discrete speech recognition / continuous SR - Examples: Video capture card (expansion card); Digital video camera; ° A sophisticated software is capable to learn new words Web cams o convert analog signals into digital You’re ri ght? - Some web cams are live – San Diego Zoo - Video Compression: o Used to avoid creating large data files Mic. ADC o A 3-min video clip can be as big as 50 million pages of text!! o Only uses the “useful content” and the part that is changed o Decompression is used via a video decoder card Your write Your, you’re/ o Video digitizer is used to change frame position and lots more You’re write Right. Write ….. o What is a common video format? Natural Language Matching Engine Programs Digital Images: - Process of entering digital images into the computer - The idea is to capture the image digitally; then we can print it, manipulate it, or simply store it - Examples: Digital camera, Scanner Digital camera: - Provides digital images and photographs F.Farahmand 7 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc F.Farahmand 8 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 - The image is downloaded into the computer Scanner and optical readers: - Types: Studio, Field, Point-and-shoot cameras - Automatic capture of the data from the source document - Different in quality, zooming capacity, attachments, etc. - Example of such devices: Optical Scanners, Optical character recognition - Quality is measured by Resolution: Sharpness and Clearness of an image devices, bar-code scanner, etc. - Can be measured in Pixels (picture element) – more pixel better quality Scanners: o Typically expressed in Mega Pixels (1.1, 1.3, …6.1) - It is a light-sensing device reads the source document o To print photographs larger than 5x7 inches, we need about 2 MP - Basic types: Pen, sheet-feed, drum o 4-MP camera is about $1000 - Used for image processing: displaying, printing, and manipulating o Resolution can also be measured in Pixel Per Inch (ppi): images (Image processing system) o Number of pixels vertically and horizontally - Special features: o 1600 x 1200 – 1600 pixels per inch vertically and 1200/inch o OCR software (Optical Character Recognition) horizontally – Equivalent to 2-megapixels o It reads and converts image into text o Typically between 640x480 and 2160x1440 ppi o Can it read your handwriting? o Low ppi requires less storage room - The quality is measured by number of bits stored in a dot or Pixel Per - Resolution can also be measured in number of bits stored in a dot: Inch (ppi) o A dot can be represented by one or more bits (the more the better) o For example 30-48 bits per dot is equivalent to 600-3000 dpi Optical Readers: - It is a devices which uses light source to read characters o It distinguishes characters based on the light patterns - Examples: Optical Character Recognizing, Bar Code Scanner, Optical Mark Recognition - Optical Character Recognizing: Check processors in grocery stores, Bill processors - Bar Code Scanner o A bar code is an identification code representing manufacturer, size, product number, etc. - Optical Mark Recognition: Used for reading survey forms, questionnaire answer sheets Ever tried to copy or scan your passport? F.Farahmand 9 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc F.Farahmand 10 / 13 File: lec6chap5f04.doc Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Lecture 6 / Chapter 5 COSC1300/ITSC 1401/BCIS 1405 10/1/2004 Terminals: - Three basic types: Summary o Dumb terminals – only transmit data over the network Input Manual Automatic Wireless Intelligent o Smart terminals – capable of processing the data as well type/Entry detection o Special purpose – Point-of-sale (POS), Smart Display (in your Text keyboard Wireless KB Cam2Pan refrigerator!) Video ° Self-check-out machines in your local grocery store Audio Microphone Image Digital Camera How accurate are they? Graphics Mouse Scanner/Dig.Cam Wireless inputs: - Entering the data remotely - Examples: UPS Handheld