Index A Activation, 38, 40, 103 Abiotic, 203, 236 Activation energy, 38 Abyss, 233 Activation mechanisms, 321 Abyssal, 6, 122, 124, 139, 141, 143, 154, 155, Activation volumes, 40, 56, 103, 104, 154 164, 195, 249, 257, 258 Active site mutant, 219 Abyssal plain, 5 Active transport, 97 Abyssocottids, 130 Activity, 137, 157 Abyssopelagic, 7 Acyl chain, 175 Acanthogammarus albus, 120 Adaptation, 157, 327–347 Acanthophyra,87 Adaptation to high pressure, 160 Accidents, 358 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 45, 53, 56, 60, Acclimate, 340 62, 154, 155, 249, 255, 320 Acclimated, 125, 132 Adhesion, 320 Acclimation, 122, 136, 179, 327, 337–339, 341, ADP, 60, 63, 320 345, 346 Aerobic, 213, 214 Acclimatisation, 261, 327, 337 Aerobic limit, 300 Accumulator, 378, 379, 382, 383, 385, 395, Aerobic muscle, 343 399, 402 Affinity, 41 Acetate, 15, 196 Agar, 394 Acetic acid, 18 Aggregate, 37, 319 Acetobacterium, 213 Aggregation, 38, 39, 161, 366 Acetogens, 18 Air sacs, 298 Acetylcholine, 54, 103, 106, 131, 317 Air-breathing, 295 Acholeplasma laidlawii, 210 Air-breathing animals, 89 Acidity, 283 Airway collapse, 302 Acidobacteria, 248 Airways, 301 Acoustic, 128 Alanine, 33, 154, 220, 256 Acoustic command, 385 Alcohol, 310 Acridine orange, 207 Algae, 24, 141 Actinia equina,86 Alicella, 166 Actin–myosin, 57 Alkali vents, 233, 234 Actinophrys sol,57 Alkaline, 233 Actinopterygii, 289 Alkaline vent water, 235 Actinosphaerium, 57, 161 Alkane, 286 Actins, 36, 48, 55, 57, 139, 153, 154, 156, 164, Alkyldiacylglycerols, 286, 289 319 Alloy (NIMONIC 90), 374 Action potentials, 54, 97, 98, 101, 106–108, AlMgSiI, 374 133, 134 Alpha Helix, 153 Activated state, 39 Alps, 208 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 419 A. Macdonald, Life at High Pressure, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67587-5 420 Index Alteroma, isolate F1A, 183 Anguilla vulgaris,85 Aluminium, 233 Anguilliform, 131 Aluminium alloy, 374 Anguilliform style, 346 Aluminium bronze, 357 Anisotropy, 177 Alveolar, 298 Annelida, 238 Alveolar collapse pressure, 302 Annexin, 315 Alveolar epithelium, 309 Anomalocera patersoni,87 Alveolar gas, 298, 301 Anoplogaster cornuta, 135 Alveolata, 141 Anoplopoma fimbria, 180 Alveoli, 298, 301 Anoxic sediments, 204 Alvin, 142, 193, 232, 233, 237, 240, 244, 248, Antagonise, 314 255, 257, 258, 262 Antagonism, 313 ALVIN, 407 Antarctic, 8, 204, 260 Alvin, 13, 231 Antarctica, 208 Alvinella, 238 Antarctic fish, 174 Alvinella pompejana, 238, 239, 251, 258 Antarctic ice, 12, 301 Alvinocaris, 125, 134, 261 Antarctophthirus microchir, 295, 296 Alvinoconcha, 243 Anthozoa, 7 Alzheimer’s disease, 168 Antibiotic resistance, 327 Ama, 297, 299 Antibiotics, 327 Amino acids, 33, 50, 55, 152, 160, 167, 196, Antimora rostrata, 10, 342 205, 207, 236, 256 Antioxidant defence enzymes, 341 Amino acid sequences, 154, 157, 159, 160 Antioxidants, 138, 163, 242, 306, 309 Aminopeptidase, 197 Anti-oxidative, 309 Ammonia, 211, 234, 236, 274 Antioxidative defences, 137–138 Ammonifex degensii,17 Antioxidative enzymes, 137 Ammonite, 276 Apolar, 162, 210 Ammonium, 17, 247, 274 Aptenodytes forsteri, 299 Ammonium ions, 272, 275 Aquife, 204 Amoeba, 49 Aquifers, 18, 234 Amoebae, 24, 57, 141, 143 Arabian Sea, 121 Amoebo, 48 Aragonite, 32, 240 Amoeboid cells, 47, 57 Arbacia, 259 AMPA, 109 Arbacia punctulata, 49, 57 Amphibia, 90, 296 Archaea, 2, 17–19, 23, 41, 54, 105, 141, 193, Amphipathic, 167 197, 201, 204, 206, 208, 212, 213, 221, Amphipods, 7, 11, 85, 117–124, 126, 127, 132, 231, 233–235, 237, 246, 249, 250, 252– 137, 158, 166, 181, 183, 195, 333, 338, 256, 393 382, 385 Archaeal, 173, 187, 196 Anadromous, 343 Archaeol, 252, 255 Anaemia, 34, 337 Archaeon, 23, 24, 152, 199, 220, 247, 255, 335 Anaerobic, 213, 221, 234, 247 Archaeon ES4, 210 Anaerobic metabolism, 299 Archaetidic acid, 252 Anaerobic respiration, 221, 241 Archeon ES4, 199 Anaesthesia, 89, 306, 313 Archeosomes, 253 Anaesthetic, 209, 217, 313 Archimedes Principle, 271 Anaesthetic-like, 313 Architeuthis, 275 Anaesthetics, 310, 311 Arctic, 121 Analgesia, 313 Arginine, 152 Analgesic, 312 Argon, 161, 209, 311, 316 Anemone, 165 Argon laser, 371 Anguilla, 88, 285, 344 Argonauta nodosus, 274 Anguilla japonica, 342 Argyroneta aquatica, 295 Index 421 Armatus, 243 Basement, 203, 204 Artemia, 333 Basidiomycete, 144, 244 Arthropods, 7, 159 Basin, 248 Artificial hip joint, 21 Bassogigas, 8, 280, 282 Ascaris megalocephala,49 Bassogigas profundissimus, 279 Ascomycetes, 144, 244 Batch cultures, 142, 213 Ashadze, 244 Batch mode, 212 Ashadze vent, 246 Bathocyroe fosteri, 135 Aspartic acid, 207, 219 Bathyal, 7 Aspergillus sydowii, 144 Bathycetes, 198 Asterias rubens, 260 Bathymodiolus, 138, 392 Astral microtubules, 58 Bathymodiolus azoricus, 136, 240, 241, 341 Asymmetrical, 44 Bathymodiolus childressii, 241 Atmospheric pressure, 1, 4 Bathymodiolus firmus,19 ATP Synthase, 55, 62–65 Bathymodiolus thermophilus, 241 ATPase, 180 Bathynomus, 195, 400 Australian, 296 Bathypelagic, 7, 134, 196, 340 Autochthonous, 195, 197 Bathypelagic fish, 135 Autotrophs, 143 Bathysaurus, 134 Axons, 98, 101 Bathysaurus mollis, 133 Axopods, 58 Bathyscaphe, 274 Azoic, 8 Bathyscaph Trieste, 10 Azoic hypothesis, 9 Bathysphere, 10 Bathysphere Trieste, 287 Bay of Biscay, 120 B Beaked whale, 296, 300, 317 Baboon, 317 Beebe, 232 Bacillus,65 Beer, 312 Bacillus infernus, 19, 204 Benthic animals, 347 Bacillus subtilis, 51, 175, 182 Benthic fauna, 6 Bacteria, 2, 17–19, 23, 41, 47, 48, 54, 141, 173, Benthic trap, 382 182–186, 193, 197, 201, 204, 205, 212, Benzene, 18, 32 231, 233, 235, 237, 248, 249, 304 Bermuda, 125 Bacterial cell division, 61 Beroe, 272 Bacterial lipids, 252 Beryllium windows, 374 Bacterial membranes, 44 Beta, 221, 249 Bacteriophage, 201, 249, 328 Beta-amino acids, 221 Baited trap, 340 Betaine, 163, 164, 168, 221, 335 Balaena, 300 Beta-polyhydroxybutyrate, 221 Balaenoptera, 300 Bilayer fluidity, 47, 176, 177, 180, 252 Balance mechanism, 338 Bilayer lipids, 42 Balance sheet, 288 Bilayer order, 217 BALIST, 391, 392 Bilayers, 159, 209, 210, 252, 329 Ballast, 385 Binding, 51 Barbiturates, 314 Binding equilibrium, 40, 311, 313 Barium, 233 Binding process, 41 Barnacle, 135, 243 Biofilms, 15, 246, 248, 393 Barophilic, 142, 152 Bioluminescence, 6, 215, 233 Barotolerant, 142 Bioluminescent light, 160 Barracuda, 180, 181 Biomarker F430, 206 Basal power requirement, 205 Biomarkers, 17 Basal requirement, 205 Biomass, 13, 15, 18, 203 Basalt, 14, 17, 204, 233, 262 Bio-piezoelectric nanogenerators, 286 422 Index Bioreactor, 249, 255 Buoyancy organ, 343 Birds, 174, 296, 299, 302 Buoyancy spheres, 382 Birefringence, 59, 60, 368 Buoyant, 201, 280 Birefringence retardation, 369 Butene, 210 Bivalves, 231 Butting, 288 BK channels, 104 By depolymerising, 48 Black body radiation, 233 Bythites hollisi, 243 Black Smoker, 233, 250 Bythograea thermydron, 240 Bladder, 275, 283, 289 Bladder wall, 285 Blood, 138, 240, 241, 276, 279, 301 C Blood cells, 164 Ca channels, 108 Blood clotting, 319 Cadmium, 138 Blubbe, 288 Caecitallus, 244 Blue-eyed shag, 300 Caecitellus parvulus, 143 Blue whale, 300, 304 Cafeteria roenbergensis, 142 Bodo, 142 Cages, 343, 346 Bodo curvifilus, 142 Ca ions, 107–109, 132 Boiling point, 15, 161, 232 Caisson, 308, 311 Bonds, 40 Calanus acutus, 273, 288 Bone, 20, 273, 286, 318 Calanus sinicus, 261 Bony fishes, 158, 279–285, 290 Calcite, 32, 240 Boreholes, 18, 214 Calcium, 17, 233, 371 Borosilicate glass, 371, 374 Calcium carbonate, 32, 240 Bos taurus, 168 Calcium ions, 104, 107, 154, 155 Bottlenose whale, 300 Calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes, 371 Boundary lipids, 45, 175, 180, 181 Calf, 238 Bourdon Gauge, 356 California sea lion, 301, 304, 305 Brain, 60, 92, 95, 109, 110, 158, 160, 176, 298, Callisto, 236 299, 306, 313, 317 Callorhinus ursinus, 307 Brain damage, 299 Calyptogena elongata, 157 Brain myelin, 176–178 Calyptogena soyoae, 138 Brain slices, 93 Camouflage, 279 Branched-chain fatty, 251 Canadian Arctic, 208 Branched-chain fatty acids, 183, 187 Canadian Tar Sands, 208 Branched-chain lipids, 174 Canary Islands, 277 Branched chains, 174 Cancer magister, 136 Branchiostoma lanceolatum,86 Canoides, 300 Breakpoint, 298 Capacitance, 54 Breath-hold, 297, 301, 342 Capacity adaptation, 337 Breath-hold dive, 299, 301 Capillaries, 283, 298, 302, 306 Breath-hold divers, 296, 299 Capsid, 202 Breath-hold diving, 296–301, 318 Carangiform, 131 Broadcast, 10 Carassius auratus,88 Broken Spur, 240 Carbonate, 233 Bronchi, 301, 302 Carbon chain, 175 Brownian movement, 53 Carbon dioxide, 16, 86, 90, 199, 211, 233, 234, Brucite, 17 238, 247, 255, 281, 295, 298, 299 Bubble, 4, 280, 303, 306, 320 Carbon dioxide storage, 136 Bubble formation, 318 Carbonic anhydrase, 238 Buccinum undatum, 259 Carbon monoxide, 310 Buoyancy, 21, 88, 163, 258, 271–290 Carcharodon carcharias, 164 Buoyancy lipids, 285 Cardiolipin, 179 Index 423 Cardiovascular, 296, 299 Chemical equilibria, 111 Carnivora, 300 Chemiosmosis, 62 Carnivore, 92, 300 Chemiosmotic, 255 Carnobacterium, 213 Chemiosmotic potential, 253 Carousel, 396–398 Chemolithoautotrophic, 15, 17, 234, 402 Carp, 154, 175 Chemolithotrophs, 211 Cartilage, 20 Chemoorganotrophs, 211, 246 Cartilaginous, 289 Chemostat, 200, 249 Cascadia Margin, 213 Chemosynthesis, 234, 241 Caspian Sea, 12 Childbirth, 312 Catadromous, 343 Chimneys, 233, 259 Catalase, 39, 243, 341, 346 Chitin, 201 Catalysed, 38–40 Chloride, 138, 274 Catalysis, 158 Chloroform, 310, 311 Catalytic, 157 Chlorophyll, 24 Cavitates, 4 Chloroplasts, 24, 62, 64 Cavitation, 4 Choanichthyes, 163, 289 Cayman Trench, 10 Choanoflagellate, 141 Cayman Trough, 232 Cholesterol, 44, 174, 285, 286, 290, 303, 307, Cell cleavage, 161 320, 346 Cell