Council of the European Union General Secretariat READING REFERENCES 2019 Council Library FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL 30th anniversary © Es geschah im November by Kani Alavi. Photo: schaerfsystem / Pixabay "The fall of the Berlin Wall", view from the exhibition "The image of Europe", source: EC - Audiovisual Service Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25 Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 1/23 Introduction To mark the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Council Library has compiled a bibliography relating to the developments following the historic events of 1989, such as EU enlargement and democratic transition in the CEE states. The bibliography contains a selection of books, articles, online material, as well as papers from our Think Tank Review. It also contains open-access materials, including publications from other EU institutions, such as the latest European Parliament Think Tank publication on the path of German reunification. Most materials can be accessed via Eureka. Euphoric crowds of people cheered as the Wall crumbled. Families, once divided by concrete, could finally reunite with their loved ones. The fall of the Berlin Wall was the beginning of the end to the so-called Iron Curtain, and led to future EU enlargement, in which new member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) were welcomed into the European Union. Overnight, the world had changed. The fall of the Berlin Wall is an important milestone in EU history and triggered a domino effect of events that propelled democratic change in the CEE region. Within days of the fall of the Wall, the European Parliament held a plenary debate on the situation in the CEE states. European Council members François Mitterrand, then President of France, and Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany, attended the debate. It was during this meeting that Chancellor Kohl stated "Germany will be completely united only if progress is made towards the unification of our old continent. Policy on Germany and policy on Europe are completely inseparable". Resources selected by the Council Libraries Please note: This bibliography is not exhaustive; it provides a selection of resources made by the Council Library. Most of the titles are hyperlinked to Eureka, the resource discovery service of the Council Library, where you can find additional materials on the subject. Access to some resources might be limited to registered Council Library users or to users in subscribing institutions. The contents are the sole responsibility of their authors. Resources linked from this bibliography do not necessarily represent the positions, policies, or opinions of the Council of the European Union or the European Council. Reuse of the covers is prohibited, they belong to the respective copyrightholders. Additional resources may be added to this list by request - please contact the Council Library to suggest a title: [email protected] Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25 Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 2/23 Books Europe since 1989 transitions and transformations William Outhwaite London: New York: Routledge, 2016 Access via Eureka "Europe Since 1989 charts the development of Europe east and west since the 1989 revolutions. It analyses the emergent European society, the development of a European public sphere, and civil society. Most books on Europe are heavily biased to the West and Europe Since 1989 takes the opposite approach. It argues that the transformation of the post- communist world has implications for the whole of Europe and explores the interplay between long-term fundamental tendencies and chance events and the possible futures which confront contemporary Europe. With close attention to political, economic and other social transformations, and an appendix which gives special attention to European macro regions (Nordic/Baltic Europe, Mediterranean Europe), it offers a sociology of Europe with a strong interdisciplinary emphasis." Europe since 1989: a history Philipp Ther (author) ; Charlotte Hughes-Kreutzmuller (translator) Princeton, New Jersey ; Oxford, England: Princeton University Press, 2016 Available on request via Eureka "The year 1989 brought the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It was also the year that the economic theories of Reagan, Thatcher, and the Chicago School achieved global dominance. This book focuses on the history of post-1989 Europe. The author describes how liberalization, deregulation, and privatization had catastrophic effects on former Soviet Bloc countries. He illustrates how the capitalist West's effort to reshape Eastern Europe in its own likeness ended up reshaping Western Europe as well, in part by accelerating the pace and scope of neoliberal reforms in the West, particularly in reunified Germany." Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25 Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 3/23 Europeanization revisited: Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union Michał Matlak; Frank Schimmelfennig; Tomasz P. Woźniakowski ; European University Institute ; Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Florence: EUI, 2018 OPEN ACCESS via Eureka "How has the Europeanisation of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) changed after accession, and how has it played out in the politics and the economies of the region? In 2004 and 2007, the European Union (EU) completed its Eastern enlargement, the largest intake of new member states in its history. EU accession also constituted a watershed in the history of the CEE. In the course of enlargement, these countries have undergone pervasive “Europeanisation” – a process of EU-driven change of their political and economic systems." Central and southeast European politics since 1989 Sabrina P. Ramet Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010 Available at Council Library Main Collection (094335) "The collapse of the communist monopoly across Central and South-eastern Europe in 1989/1990 initiated a process of rapid political, economic, and cultural change. While Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia went on to suffer three and a half years of war, all the states of the region have confronted challenges as they dismantled communist institutions and drafted new laws, in some cases ignoring their own laws. Indeed, in certain countries, local politicians have done their best to corrupt the media and the economy, with recent years seeing some states move in an illiberal direction. Throughout the region, however, there has been a strong interest in enjoying the benefits of membership of the European Union and NATO." Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25 Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 4/23 1989: the struggle to create post-Cold War Europe Mary Elise Sarotte Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009 Audio: M. E. Sarotte's talks at the Woodrow Wilson Centre Available at Council Library Main Collection (092581) "1989 explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe." Die Mauer: Geschichte einer Teilung Edgar Wolfrum München: C.H.Beck oHG, 2009 OPEN ACCESS Online "Eine Mauer um Berlin zu bauen, um 16 Millionen Menschen einzusperren, diese Idee war ungeheuerlich. Wieso reagierten die Westmächte so lax, während die Deutschen geschockt waren? Warum rissen die Berliner die Mauer nicht ein? Was bedeutete die Einmauerung für das Leben in der DDR? Wer gewöhnte sich an die Mauer? Menschen, die von Deutschland nach Deutschland wollten, setzten ihr Leben aufs Spiel, viele Fluchten misslangen, etliche glückten. Von West-Berlin aus glich die Mauer seit den 1980er Jahren einer knallbunt bemalten Leinwand, doch im Osten wurde der Todesstreifen mit modernsten elektronischen Mitteln perfektioniert. 1989/90 kam das Ende der DDR als Mauerstaat. Warum fiel das unmenschliche Bauwerk so plötzlich, welche Rolle spielte Gorbatschow?". Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel. +32 (0)2 281 65 25 Follow us http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/library-blog/ - #EUCOlibrary 5/23 Der Preis des Wandels: Geschichte des europäischen Ostens seit 1989 Reinhold Vetter Freiburg: Herder Verlag, 2019 Available on request via Eureka "1989/90 ging von den Gesellschaften östlich des Eisernen Vorhangs ein großer Freiheitsimpuls aus. Doch der brachte dort den Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen, sozialer Sicherheit und politischen Gewissheiten. Die jüngste Geschichte Ostmitteleuropas ist voller Brüche, Neuanfänge und Umwälzungen. Viele Staaten haben eine atemberaubende Entwicklung hinter sich. Aus ihr erklären sich auch jene Phänomene, die uns mit Blick auf Ungarn, Polen u.a. aktuell beschäftigen." La chute du mur de Berlin: la fin du rideau de fer Véronique Van Driessche ; Pierre Frankignoulle ; 50Minutes Bruxelles, Belgium: 50Minutes, 2014 Available on request via Eureka "9 novembre 1989. Après plus de 28 ans, le mur séparant Berlin-Ouest, démocratie à l’occidentale, et Berlin-Est, bastion de l’URSS, tombe enfin. Marquant la fin d’une guerre froide qui aura divisé le monde au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la chute du mur de Berlin annonce celle de tout un régime. Bientôt, les pays-satellites de l’URSS reprendront, eux aussi, une liberté trop longtemps sacrifiée à l’impérialisme soviétique, signant la fin du bloc de l’Est." Council of the European Union Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 - B-1048 Bruxelles/Brussel - Belgique/België Tel.